改性磺化木质素LSA阻垢分散性能及机理研究

以工业木质素磺酸盐LS为原料，采用自由基共聚反应对LS进行接枝羧基改性，制备得到改性磺化木质素LSA，用红外光谱对其结构进行表征。对LSA与目前常用几种阻垢剂进行阻垢分散性能的比较，结果表明，改性产物LSA为一种阻垢分散性能较为理想的绿色阻垢剂，并从螯合使用、分散作用及晶格畸变作用三方面对LSA阻垢机理进行了探讨。     

A new indolic antiauxin, α-(5,7-dichloroindole-3-)isobutyric acid: its chemical synthesis and biological activity

Summary A new potent antiauxin, -(5,7-dichloroindole-3-)isobutyric acid has been synthesized and shown to inhibit auxin-mediated elongation ofAvena coleoptiles and to stimulate root growth of rice seedlings. Its activity is stronger than -(p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyric acid and is comparable to that of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, which are typical antiauxins.     

The discovery of antidepressants: A winding path

Summary Modern treatment of mental depression started with the availability of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. These drugs also contributed to the early development of psychopharmacology. Attempts to improve the anti-tuberculous action of the hydrazine derivative isoniazid by developing derivatives thereof led to the synthesis of iproniazid. Its introduction as the first modern antidepressant was based on three unexpected actions of the drug: MAO-inhibition, reversal of reserpine-induced sedation, and the presence of psychostimulation as a clinical side effect in man. However, the initial success of iproniazid and other MAO inhibitors, hydrazides and non-hydrazides, was curtailed by the occurrence of undesirable side effects such as potentiation of the blood-pressure elevating action of food amines. The tricyclic antidepressants were a development of the class of antihistamines, one of which, chlorpromazine, showed neuroleptic activity. A congener of this compound, imipramine, was discovered by clinical observation to have unexpected antidepressant effects. The clinical success of this drug (which is still in use) led to the development of a successful series of other tricyclic and non-tricyclic antidepressants. Progress in the elucidation of possible mechanisms of the action of the tricyclic compounds has helped this development. Recent advances in basic research have also induced a revival of MAO-inhibitors since, due to the discovery of MAO-subtypes, inhibitors with higher specificity and fewer undesirable side effects are now available.     

Inhibition of the growth of cariogenic bacteria in vitro by plant falvanones

Phytoalexins, defensive compounds produced by plants against microbial infections, were purified fromSophora exigua (Leguminosae) and their growth inhibitory effects on oral cariogenic bacteria were determined in vitro. Among three isolated compounds, 5,7,2,4-tetrahydroxy-8-lavandulylflavanone completely inhibited the growth of oral bacteria including primary cariogenic mutans streptococci, other oral streptococci, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli, at concentrations of 1.56 to 6.25 g/ml.     

Cl-、NO3-和SO42-离子对漆酶催化活性的抑制作用

以５,６－二溴－２,３－二氰基氢醌为底物,在ｐＨ值４．５０条件下,用分光光度法考察了Ｃｌ－、ＮＯ－３和ＳＯ２－４离子对漆酶催化活性的影响。发现Ｃｌ－、ＮＯ－３和ＳＯ２－４离子对漆酶的催化活性均有不同程度的抑制作用,其最大抑制率分别可达７５％、３１．４％和１７．１％。动力学研究表明,Ｃｌ－、ＮＯ－３和ＳＯ２－４离子的抑制作用是瞬时完成的,属于竞争性抑制过程,是通过与底物分子竞争漆酶分子中的Ⅱ型铜（Ⅱ）部位实现的。经测定,Ｃｌ－和ＮＯ－３离子与漆酶所形成的复合物其解离常数分别为１．１２×１０－４ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３和１．７８×１０－３ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３。     

含磷聚合物水处理剂的合成和性能

用氧化还原引发体系,在水相中合成丙烯酸（ＡＡ）／丙烯酸羟丙酯（ＨＰＡ）,丙烯酸／２－丙烯酰胺基－２－甲基丙基磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）和ＡＡ／ＨＰＡ／ＡＭＰＳ三种含磷共聚物。并探讨了合成条件对其结构与性能之间的关系。研究结果表明,在较高ｐＨ值,和高硬度的苛刻水质条件下,它们具有良好的阻碳酸钙和阻磷酸钙垢的性能。     

含钼杂多酸盐对碳钢缓蚀性能的研究

采用失重法考察了６种具有Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构的含钼杂多酸盐在ＮａＣｌ介质中对碳钢的缓蚀作用。实验表明,所研究的化合物均有一定的缓蚀性能,尤其抑制点蚀效果很好。     

油酸添加剂对硬质合金刀具钴浸出的抑制作用

采用蓖麻油酸和三乙醇胺在不同的比例及实验条件下，合成了四种油酸三乙醇胺酯。分别将这四种物质配制成一定浓度的溶液，作为润滑剂。在车床上用砂轮对YG8硬质合金刀片进行加润滑剂的湿磨削，用KYKY2800型扫描电镜分析刀片表面的主要金属成分的含量。电镜结果表明，使用油酸添加剂对硬质合金刀具中的钴的浸出有明显的抑制作用。     

乳香对几种病原微生物抗性作用的初步研究

研究了树脂中药乳香对几种常见致病菌的抗性作用 .在无菌条件下制作乳香悬浊液并稀释成不同梯度浓度 ,通过药物敏感性试验滤纸片扩散法和最低抑菌浓度测定 ( MIC)分别对大肠埃希氏杆菌( Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌 ( Staphylococcus aureus)、蜡状芽孢杆菌 ( Bacillus cereus)、铜绿假单胞菌( Pseudomonasaeruginosa)、普通变形杆菌 ( Proteusvulgaris)进行测定 .结果表明平均抑菌圈直径由大到小依次为 :大肠埃希氏杆菌 1 1 .5 3 mm、普通变形杆菌 1 1 .2 8mm、铜绿假单胞菌 1 0 .2 4mm、金黄色葡萄球菌 9.44mm,蜡状芽孢杆菌 8.73 mm;测定这 5种致病菌的最低抑菌浓度 ( MIC)得到 :大肠杆菌为 1 /2 5 6g· m L- 1、普通变形杆菌为 1 /2 5 6g· m L- 1 、铜绿假单胞菌为 1 /1 2 8g· m L- 1、金黄色葡萄球菌为 1 /64 g· m L- 1 、蜡状芽孢杆菌为 1 /1 6g· m L- 1 .研究表明乳香对大肠杆菌的抗性最强 ,对蜡状芽孢杆菌的抗性最弱 ,采用滤纸片扩散法和最低抑菌浓度测定 ( MIC)得到的结果基本一致 .研究还表明乳香具有广谱抗菌作用 ,但对不同致病菌的抗性作用存在一定的差异性     

一种还原糖自动检测系统

根据生化反应的基本原理,利用MCS-51单片机开发设计了一种还原糖自动检测系统.介绍了该系统的硬件和软件设计模式,其特点是结构简单、操作方便,是还原糖检测的一种新方法.