洋壳向陆壳下俯冲运动的流变学数学模型

洋壳向陆壳下俯冲是板块运动的一种基本形式,用数理方法研究它有助于深刻认识它的运动机制。考虑了地质体的流变性质,推导并建立了洋壳向陆壳下俯冲的流变学数学模型。     

日本东北大地震——大自然给人类上的又一课

作者介绍了2011年3月11日日本东北地区太平洋沿岸近海的M9.0特大地震的震后研究情况,日本列岛M8.0以上大地震发生的地球动力学背景、地理环境,大地震在东北太平洋沿岸地区、关东地区、东海道地区的活动历史以及对下一次东海地震发生时间的最新研究进展。最后总结了地震中长期预测的现状及相关基础研究应努力的方向,提出了在工程应用研究中应该避免的错误工作思路。     

龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式

在对龙门山的构造变形、沉积环境、地层古生物、石油地质、遥感地质、地球物理、同位素地质等专题研究基础上,综合归纳出龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式——为多层次、乡阶段、深层破裂控制浅层变形的陆内俯冲模式。它不同于A型俯冲带模式,也不同于阿尔卑斯碰撞型造山模式,而是具有中国特色的C型(中国型)俯冲造山模式。     

When and how did plate tectonics begin？ Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipation in the bending lithosphere and viscous mantle. Plate tectonics is an unusual way for a silicate planet to lose heat, as it exists on only one of the large five silicate bodies in the inner solar system. It is not known when this mode of tectonic activity and heat loss began on Earth. All silicate planets probably experienced a short-lived magma ocean stage. After this solidified, stagnant lid behavior is the common mode of planetary heat loss, with interior heat being lost by delamination and “hot spot” volcanism and shallow intrusions. Decompression melting in the hotter early Earth generated a different lithosphere than today, with thicker oceanic crust and thinner mantle lithosphere; such lithosphere would take much longer than at present to become negatively buoyant, suggesting that plate tectonics on the early Earth occurred sporadically if at all. Plate tectonics became sustainable (the modern style) when Earth cooled sufficiently that decompression melting beneath spreading ridges made thin oceanic crust, allowing oceanic lithosphere to become negatively buoyant after a few tens of millions of years. Ultimately the question of when plate tectonics began must be answered by informa- tion retrieved from the geologic record. Criteria for the operation of plate tectonics includes ophiolites, blueschist and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belts, eclogites, passive margins, transform faults, paleomagnetic demonstration of different motions of different cratons, and the presence of diagnostic geochemical and isotopic indicators in igneous rocks. This record must be interpreted individually; I interpret the record to indicate a progression of tectonic styles from active Archean tectonics and magmatism to something similar to plate tectonics at ~1.9 Ga to sustained, modern style plate tectonics with deep subduction——and powerful slab pull——beginning in Neoproterozoic time.     

地幔柱的发生机制研究——以Ferrar为例

利用三维数值模拟方法,根据地幔对流控制方程,以180 Ma喷发的Ferrar大火成岩省(LIP)为例,在模型中引入Pangea超大陆、大型横波低速带(LLSVPs)和Pangea超大陆边缘的俯冲带,模拟地幔对流过程,研究其对应地幔热柱从地球内部热边界层(例如核幔边界)的生成过程,并讨论导致该地幔柱产生的相关因素.结果表...     

南海成因：岩石圈破裂与俯冲带相互作用新认识

 南海深部计划与国际大洋钻探航次取得了一系列创新进展与重大突破：1）发现南海陆缘岩石圈减薄之初未出现地幔蛇纹岩出露，且岩浆迅速出现；2）新提出南海不是“小大西洋”，而是“板缘张裂”盆地，与经典的大西洋型“板内张裂”陆缘模式不同；3）揭示南海受到俯冲带的强烈控制，提出俯冲诱发地幔上涌并影响南海岩浆活动。     

The subducted slab of Yangtze Continental block beneath the Tethyan orogen in western Yunnan

The western Yunnan area is a natural laboratory with fully developed and best preserved Tethyan orogen in the world. Seismic tomography reveals a slab-like high velocity anomaly down to 250 km beneath the western Yunnan Tethyan orogen, to its west there is a low-velocity column about 300 km wide. in the region from Lancangjiang to Mojiang an obvious low velocity in the lower crust and uppermost mantle overlies on the slab. Synthesizing the available geological and geochemical results, the present paper demonstrates that this slab-like high velocity anomaly is a part of the subducted plate of Yangtze Continental segment after the closure of Paleotethys. The collision of India and Eurasia continent starting from 50-60 MaBP might trigger thermal disturbance in the upper mantle and cause the uprising of asthenosphere, in that case the subducted Yangtze plate could be broken off, causing Cenozoic magmatic activities and underplating in the Lancangjiang-Mojiang region.     

秦岭-大别山北部后造山期构造格架与形成机制

秦岭造山带是一条复合型大陆造山带.东秦岭北部后造山期的构造是其主要组成部分.主要包括秦岭北缘反冲推覆构造带,以宜阳-鲁山断裂带和熊耳岩片为主体,由S→N逆冲推覆;栾川-伏牛山推覆构造带特征典型,分带性强,由N→S推覆;马超营走滑转换构造带位于二者之间,为一正花状构造带.上述构造组成典型的扇形结构,形成于燕山期末-喜马拉雅初期.东秦岭造山带岩石圈现今几何学模型和流变学分带结构与华北地块向南俯冲在秦岭地块之下、扬子地块持续向北俯冲有密切的成因联系,后造山期构造正是研究区现今深部过程在地壳浅部的表现.     

东天山造山带区域变质作用及其构造环境研究

以活动论思想为指导，分析了东天山造山带区域变质作用的基本特征，成因类型，变质岩分带特征和特征矿和的组合的空间分规律，论证了大型断裂构造对区域变作用的同期制约和后期迭加改造作用，阐明了断裂区域变质作用在东天山普遍性以及断裂活动与变质变形，混合容化和花岗岩化作用之间的关系。最后对东天山变质岩带的板块构造环境和多期变质演化规律进行了探讨。     

Phase transition in the subducted oceanic lithosphere and generation of the subduction zone magma

Two metamorphic processes, i.e. subsolidus dehydration and partial melting occurring in MORB, metasediments and peridotite of subducted oceanic lithosphere are discussed on the basis of available experimental work and phase equilibrium modeling. Phase diagrams of hydrous MORB show that in most cold subduction P-T （pressure-temperature） regimes a large portion of water in the basic layer has released below the onset of blueschist facies （〈 20 km）, and at a depth （60--70 km） of transition from lawsonite blueschist to lawsonite eclogite facies through glaucophane dehydration; only a smaller portion of water will escape from the slab through dehydration of lawsonite and chloritoid in the depth range suitable for arc magma formation; and a very small portion of water stored in lawsonite and phengite will fade into the deeper mantle. The role of amphibole for arc magma formation is still arguable. In cold subduction P-Tregimes, the dehydration of chlorite and talc in AI-poor metasediments, and chloritoid and carpholite in AI-rich metapelites at a depth around 80--100 km will make some con- tributions to the formation of arc magma. Comparatively, dehydration of serpentine in hydrated peri- dotite occurs at depths of 120--180 km, playing an important role in the arc magmatism. Subduction of oceanic crust along warm P-T regimes will cross the solidi at a depth over 80 km, resulting in partial melting under fluid-saturated and fluid-absent conditions in the metasediments involving biotite and phengite, and in the basic rocks involving epidote and amphibole. The melt compositions of the basic crust are adakitic at pressures 〈 3.0 GPa, but become peraluminous granitic at higher pressures.