“互动分层合作学习”对田径运动成绩的影响

在田径教学实践中运用“互动合作学习法”对学生进行合理、适宜的分类或分组，确立相应的层次目标．做好课的设计，包括实践操作、课外作业、课内外的教学指导、协调学生组内及组间的合作交流等各个教学环节，使教学过程体现出系统性、层次性，使每位学生都能在各自力所能及的范围内，通过相互帮助和互相协作学习而收到良好的成效．同时能更好地促进学生主动、积极地学习，更好地完成教学任务与教学目标，提高教与学的双边效果．     

The induction of secondary seed dormancy by oxygen deficiency in a barnyard grassEchinochloa crus-galli

At 25°C, secondary dormancy was induced in seeds ofE. crus-galli exposed for 100 days to oxygen deficiency. By contrast, hypoxia did not induce dormancy at 15°C or prevent dormancy termination at 7°C. Secondary dormancy was terminated after 2 months stratification at 7°C. Oxygen deficiency may increase the proportion of dormant seeds in the soil, and affect the dynamics of the barnyard-grass soil seed bank.We thank Miss Jitka Králová for her excellent technical assistance.     

美式期权的几种蒙特卡罗仿真定价方法比较

在Longstaff和Schwartz（LS，2001）提出的基于多项式函数逼近的美式期权仿真定价基础上，给出美式期权重要性抽样仿真方法——顺推法及其具体算法。同时给出重要性与分层抽样相结合的算法。该方法可以适用于类似于美式期权具有可提前执行特征以及路径依赖特征等金融衍生工具仿真定价，具有一般性。数字示例比较结果表明，相对于LS方法，重要性抽样和分层重要性抽样都具有较好的方差缩减效果，尤其分层重要性抽样方法。     

Simple scaling relations in geodynamics： the role of pressure in mantle convection and plume formation

Scaling relations are important in extrapolating laboratory experiments to the Earth‘s mantle. In planetary interiors, compression becomes an important parameter and it is useful to explore scalings that involve volume. I use simple volume scaling relations that allow one to extrapolate laboratory experiments and upper mantle behavior, in a thermodynamically self-consistent way, to predict lower mantle behavior. The relations are similar to the quasi-har-monic approximation. Slabs and plates have characteristic dimensions of hundreds of kilometers and time constants of 100 million years, but the volume scalings predict order of magnitude higher values in the deep mantle. The scaling relations imply that the deep mantle is a sluggish system with ancient features. They imply irreversible chemical stratification and do not favor the plume hypothesis.     

汽车理论课程平行分层化教学思路研究

汽车理论课程是车辆工程专业核心课程,其课程内容涉及车辆系统性能分析与跨学科知识点的交叉,在新工科教学理念下,传统教学模式在车辆理论分析、2自由度操纵稳定性模型、平顺性模型等内容上并不能适用于整车研发的实际需求。针对此现实问题,提出利用ADAMS软件驱动汽车理论内容平行化、分层化教学思路研究,采用软件中悬架模型、转向模型、轮胎模型、路面模型、制动及整车模型对汽车理论课程中的各个环节内容提供支撑,打通"理论教学、实践教学、企业研发"3个环节之间的屏障,使学生能够快速运用所学知识投入到生产实践中,同时转换学生思维中的传统车辆设计理念,改善课堂效果,提升教学质量。     

Space use by two arboreal rodent species in a Neotropical cloud forest

Studying animal space use patterns can help increase our understating of ecological processes such as competition and community dynamics. To quantify space and habitat use in an isolated and patchy cloud forest community in Mexico, we evaluate the vertical stratification, home range and habitat selection of two arboreal rodents: Habromys schmidlyi and Reithrodontomys microdon. Using live-traps at ground level and different forest strata, we radio-equipped nine individuals of H. schmidlyi and seven of R. microdon, and evaluated fine-scale space use and broad-scale habitat selection between cloud forest and oak forest. We found an average home range of 0.24 ha for R. microdon males and 0.72 ha for females, with a preference for higher canopy in the cloud forest. For H. schmidlyi the home range was 0.83 ha for males and 0.29 ha for females, with a preference for the understory level in the cloud forest. Home range is three-dimensional for these rodents, so we estimate that on average, individuals of both species used eight trees in the time they were tracked. We characterised the vegetation at the trap sites, and used recursive partitioning to relate the presence of different plants with the probability of finding these two species and Peromyscus aztecus, a third rodent species also present in the area and considered in our analysis of habitat use. The highest probability of finding R. microdon (96%) was related to the presence of Brachythecium occidentale and Renauldia mexicana, while H. schmidlyi (95%) was found in close proximity to Fabronia ciliaris and Everniastrum. We highlight the importance of arboreal trapping in biodiversity assessments, and the role of arboreal rodents in maintaining tropical forest ecosystems. We suggest that these rodent species could avoid or reduce competition by using the vertical strata differentially, and that H. schmidlyi and R. microdon can be biological indicators for cloud forest management and conservation.     

储热水箱分层特性的研究

储热水箱被广泛使用在太阳能集热系统以及家用电加热热水器中,是决定集热系统和热水器性能的关键因素之一,储热水箱分层效果的好坏决定了集热系统的效率及热水器的热水出水量.绘制了直接进口和三层孔板两种储热水箱结构图,通过设计试验系统,搭建储热水箱分层特性测试试验台,收集了两种结构水箱在相同的初始水温、不同流量时水箱各层温度随时间的变化数据并绘制成图.同时基于热力学定律,分析对比了相同进口结构、相同初始进出水温差取出效率随时间的变化.在初始温度50℃、流量为1.1和4.2 kg·min^-1的工况下,对比了不同结构的MIX数对储热水箱分层性能的影响.     

结合α分层改进基于IRT计算机自适应题库系统

IRT理论中基于最大信息量函数的选题方法会使系统偏向于选取信息函数值最大的试题进行测验,容易造成部分试题被反复选取,导致试题的曝光度过高从而影响后期测验的有效性。本文在原有选题策略的基础上融入α分层和内容筛选,有效地提高了系统的有效性和安全性。     

岩体层理面对光面爆破效果影响的静应力分析

根据光面爆破理论和静应力分析,阐述了层理面对光面爆破效果影响的因素。其中着重研究了最大主平面与层理面法线夹角β对岩体断裂破坏的影响。     

分层教学理念下的大学英语自主学习模式:理论与实践

从人本主义和分层教学理念出发,对教学组织形式、教学手段、教学内容、教学模式、评价机制进行改革探索,并以韶关学院大学英语教学改革为例,论证实行滚动式的学生分层、教学目标分层和教学评价分层的必要性,探索出一条比较行之有效的大学英语自主学习模式。