Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.     

摩擦搅拌焊接过程热力耦合数值模拟

提出了一种基于瞬时相对线速度的搅拌头产热模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了焊接过程温度场有限元模型,对摩擦搅拌焊接过程温度场进行了数值模拟并利用有限元模型分析了焊接温度场的不对称性;在温度场有限元模型的基础上建立了摩擦搅拌焊接过程热力耦合有限元模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件对焊接过程动态应力和焊后残余应力的分布进行了仿真模拟。结果表明：焊接过程最高温度低于被焊材料熔点,搅拌头前方温度梯度大于搅拌头后方,并且温度梯度随焊接速度的提高变化更为剧烈;焊接过程试件内存在动态应力场,随着试件的冷却逐渐转化为残余应力场,横向残余应力在试件内分布较广,大部分区域内为横向拉应力,而在试件周围拉应力逐渐转变为压应力,纵向残余应拉应力只局限于接近焊缝的一个很窄的区域,在周围区域有较低的压应力,距离焊缝越远其值越低。     

7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊模拟与实验研究

搅拌摩擦焊解决了7075铝合金难焊接问题,但焊接过程中复杂的温度、流场变化容易造成焊缝缺陷.本文利用FLUENT软件模拟研究了7075铝合金焊接过程温度场与流场的变化规律,并对模拟结果进行了验证.结果表明:前进侧焊接温度高于后退侧,但其材料流速低于后退侧,焊缝最高温度出现在轴肩边缘内侧.搅拌头转速越大,焊接速度越小,则...     

间歇搅拌釜中甲醇与二氧化碳合成碳酸二甲酯

二氧化碳与甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯是一条对化学工业和环境保护都具有吸收力的工艺路线。本文在间歇式反应器中筛选出镁粉作催化剂,测试了各种反应条件的影响,得出了适合的反应条件。     

2519厚板搅拌摩擦焊接工艺及组织分析

采用搅拌摩擦焊接方法对厚度为12mm的2519铝合金板进行焊接试验。实验结果表明：在焊接速度为140mm／min，旋转速度为1800-2200r／min时，随着旋转速度的增加，焊缝强度先增加后减小；在旋转速度为2000r／min时，可以获得较好的焊接接头，抗拉强度达到最大值296MPa，断裂形式为韧性和脆性的混合型断裂。光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子能谱分析结果表明：焊缝中组织的差异及晶界上粗大的富铜析出相是导致焊缝强度低于基材强度的原因；焊缝中的组织差异及晶界富铜析出相的形成是焊缝区温度沿板厚的急剧变化和搅拌力综合作用的结果。     

Zn—20%Al合金的半固态压缩形变特性研究

研究了温度和应变速率对常规铸造和部分凝固铸造Ｚｎ－２０％Ａｌ金合的半固态压缩形变的影响规律。试验温度和应变速率范围分别为３８０～４３０℃和２．１×１０＾－１×１０＾－４Ｓ＾－１。试验结果表明，金属在半固态时的形变抗力比固态时大幅度降低；部分凝固铸造合金的形变能力优于常规铸造合金；在高温（４３０℃）、低应变速率（８，．４×１０＾－４Ｓ＾－１）条件下，常规铸造合金也能获得较好的极限塑性和低的变形抗力…     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺研究

借助于有限元仿真软件ANSYS模拟仿真2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接过程,得到在焊接准稳态阶段不同时刻和位置处的温度情况,确立了温度场在时间和空间上的分布规律.结果表明,焊接的最高温度为525℃,低于铝合金熔点.在试验中采用仿真所使用的焊接工艺参数,得出的焊缝表面质量较好,没有出现背部间隙及未焊透缺陷.在整个试验过程中,试验测得的工件温度变化与仿真模拟的结果误差小于5%.在进行试件的力学性能试验中,试件的抗拉强度达到母材的74%,均高于其它的焊接方式.所采用的焊接工艺参数对实际焊接6mm厚的2219铝合金具有借鉴作用.     

Effect of high anodic polarization on the passive layer properties of superduplex stainless steel friction stir welds at different chloride electrolyte pH values and temperatures

The conditions used for friction stir welding of duplex stainless steels determine the resulting mechanical and corrosion performance of the material.This study investigates the corrosion resistance of UNS S32750 and S32760 superduplex stainless steels(SDSSs)joined by friction stir welding,employing cyclic polarization,Mott–Schottky,and microscopy techniques for analysis.The microscopy images indicated the presence of a deleterious intermetallic phase after electrolytic etching of S32760,as well as decreased corrosion resistance.The presence of molybdenum in the steels promoted better passive behavior at low pH.The Mott–Schottky curves revealed p-n heterojunction behavior of the passive oxide.Images acquired after the polarization test by scanning electron microscopy showed higher passivation propensity with increases of temperature and pH.     

焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

搅拌铸造法制备和表征GNPs和CNTs增强Al 7075基复合材料

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. By increasing the volume fraction of reinforcements, the fraction of porosity increased. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from (002) to (111). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix. Between the two reinforcements, the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities. Through the addition of 0.52vol% GNPs into the matrix, the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%, 32%, and 180%, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of 0.71vol% CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness, tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%, 129%, and 260%, respectively.