ON THE OPTIIMAL REACTIONS ASSEMBLAGE OF COMPLEX REACTION SYSTEMS

In this paper, the author analyzes distinguishing features of complex reaction systems and single reversible reaction, and optimizes complex reaction systems starting from set theory.The method of constructing the optimal reactions assemblage and calculating the potential maximum equilibrium yield (PMEY) of objective products is proposed here. This paper points out clearly that the euqilibrium yield of objective products calculated by means of conventional method is the global equilibrium yield (GEY).It is not the thermodynamic constraint, and could be exceeded by observed yield of objective products; only PMEY is the thermodynamic constraint. It gives information on potential and possible optimal yield and thereby improving production. This paper also points out the way in which the real complex reaction system approached the optimal reactions assemblage. The new concept of PMEY and optimal reaction assemblage proposed by this Paper is universally applicable for the important complex reaction systems, such as the pyrolysis of alkane to produce ethylene, steam reforming of methane to produce syngas, production of formaldehyde from methanol, epoxidation of ethylene to produce ethylene oxide, hydrogenation of benzene to produce cyclohexane.     

装配形位尺寸链与装配体配合特性计算

论述了装配形位尺寸链中形位公差环的表示形式与环型判别规则、装配体装配形位尺寸链图绘制与装配配合特性计算的方法等．     

吉林珲春新近系土门子组孢粉组合及其意义

通过对吉林珲春土门子组孢粉样品分析。建立了Quercoidites-Ulmipollenites-Liquidambar-pollenites组合。根据孢粉植物群特征及其与周围地区对比，其地质时代归属新近纪中中新世为宜。孢粉组合中喜温成分占多数，亚热带成分如Caryapollenites、Liquidambarpollenites等也较为常见，反映了当时比较温暖湿润的暖温带-亚热带气候，在我国第三纪植物群区系中属于东部落叶阔叶林植物区。     

巢湖十五里河河口湿地植被动态变化研究

河口湿地是水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统,也是湖泊生态系统的重要组成部分。为探讨河口湿地植被在不同时期内种类和组成的变化,以及引起这些变化的主要环境因子,文章以巢湖十五里河河口湿地为对象,在巢湖处于枯水期和丰水期时,分别对其植物群落进行了野外调研,研究发现:枯水期河口湿地分布植物有21种,隶属于18属,11科;丰水期河口湿地分布植物11种,隶属于10属,7科;聚类分析结果显示枯水期时河口湿地植物组合类型有8种,丰水期时河口湿地植物组合类型为4种;枯水期时河口湿地植物物种多样性比丰水期时高,但其均匀度比丰水期时低;湖泊水位、河口水质和人类活动是河口湿地植物种类和组成变化的主要影响因子。     

安徽淮北晚古生代煤系的植物化石组合

本文通过所采集的大量植物化石,讨论了安徽淮北地区太原组、山西组、下石盒子组及上石盒子组植物群特征,并划分为四个植物化石组合。同时根据植物群面貌、孢粉组合、含煤性及岩石地球化学特征,可将k_3砂岩作为上、下石盒子组界线     

杭嘉湖平原全新世沉积的孢粉组合及其意义

本文通过对杭嘉湖平原六个钻孔的全新世沉积的孢粉分析,揭示了本区全新世沉积的六个孢粉组合,它们自下而上分别为:(1)松属、栎属、禾本科孢粉组合;(2)栎属、松属、禾本科孢粉组合;(3)青刚栎属、栲属、栎属、藜科孢粉组合;(4)松属、栎属、禾本科、藜科孢粉组合;(5)栎属、青刚栎属、栲属,禾本科孢粉组合(6)栎属、禾本科、水龙骨科孢粉组合。这六个孢粉组合反映了本地区全新世时期存在着六个古植被演变阶段和相应的六次气候波动,为本地区全新世地层划分提供了重要依据。     

福建省漳州地区第四纪以来植被气候演化的孢粉研究

根据地貌变化,在研究区共施工7个场地33个钻孔,对其中2个代表性钻孔的213个岩芯孢粉样品,采用孢粉谱定量分析法,通过孢粉百分比图式、浓度图式将其划分出若干孢粉组合带,并结合C14和光释光测年数据,揭示了漳州地区第四纪以来的气候演化过程.8.5 ka以来气候演化基本与我国南方区气候演化一致,以温暖气候为主,经历了由温暖偏干到温暖偏湿波动变化的7个阶段.植被经历了中亚热带含针叶树的常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶混交林→北亚热带灌草丛→中亚热带含松、柏树的常绿阔叶林→南亚热带常绿阔叶林→南亚热带含针叶树的常绿阔叶林→南亚热带含针叶树的灌草丛→南亚热带针叶林-灌丛的变化过程.     

Abnormal overpressure distribution and natural gas accumulation in foreland basins,Western China

Shizitan in Jixian County, Shanxi Province, is a site of transitional period from Paleolithic to Neolithic. The dating and the sporopollen analysis show that the middle reaches of the Yellow River where the site is located had been maintaining a steppe environment during 35.1-9.4 kaBP, in which, 35.1-17 kaBP belonged to the last glacial. With cold and dry climate, this period featured a desert steppe environment. In the late of this period, the area had a cold and half-humid steppe environment. The 17.0-11.9 kaBP belonged to the early- and mid-period of the last deglaciation. Mild and half-arid steppe alternates with mild and half-arid steppe, with a small amount of deciduous broadleaf species. During the period of 11.9-10.5 kaBP, cold and dry glacial climate appeared once more, featuring a desert steppe environment. During 10.5-9.4 kaBP, it is mild and half-arid, and later transited toward warm and half-humid. The early phase of this period featured a steppe environment and the later transited into a steppe environment with fairly more deciduous broadleaf species. Microlith, a mark of a transitional period from Paleolithic to Neolithic, was distributed mainly in 17.0-11.9 kaBP. The relatively warm, half-arid and fluctuating steppe environment in the early and medium period of the last deglaciation made a contribution to the appearance and development of Microlithic culture.     

合肥地区第四纪孢粉组合及古植被、古气候研究

本文孢粉组合是从合肥地区城建施工单位工程钻孔中获得。根据,木本、草本、和蕨类植物在钻孔剖面中的变化规律,分两个孢粉组合带。 第一组合带,木本植物占17.62％,乔木层中的落叶阔叶层片以栎、榆、桦为主要树种,针叶层片中以松属,油杉属为优势树种,蕨类植物与草本植物计占15—70％,以蕨类中的卷柏,紫萁,水龙骨及草本类的禾本科,菊科,蒿属,十字花科为草木本层中的主要成分,低洼的地沼水域中繁殖大量环纹藻。 第二组合带的第一亚组合,木本植物的属种明显下降,其含量则上升为38—94％乔木层非常单调,松属几乎独占了贫脊的山岗坡地,蕨类植物踪迹稀少,禾本科、毛莨科、蒿属,豆科等草本层散生于河谷岸边及低矮的坡地。 第二亚组合,木本植物占27—56％,乔木层中:针叶层片内以松属,油杉属为建群主要树种,落叶阔叶层片只占3.3—9.0％,栎、柳、胡桃、枫杨、榆、漆树等均有一定含量。蕨类和草本植物占2.5—14 5％,蕨类植物类型较少,水龙骨为植被中的常见物种,草本类以禾本科,毛莨科,蒿属为主,其它属种出现不多,这个阶段草本层仍不大兴旺。 以上两个组合带中末发现冷杉,云杉的踪影,桦属含量极低,植被反映为温湿或温凉的气候,因此两个组合不可能为晚冰期,其地层时代应晚于晚更新世,这样可确认合肥地区为全新世晚期,