武汉地区网纹层的若干问题

根据大量钻孔和开挖剖面的资料,对武汉地区网纹层的剖面特征、物质组成、孢粉组合、成因以及其与新构造运动的关系,作了初步的论述。     

Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China

Pollen assemblages of 53 surface pollen samples from farmlands and wastelands in Northeast China were analyzed. Tree pollen percentages were usually higher than 30%, with Pinus (26.9%), Quercus (0.9%), Betula (0.9%) and Populus (0.7%) as the major types, and herb pollen percentages were usually higher than 50%, with weedy Poaceae (8.7%), Chenopodiaceae (7.1%), Artemisia (1.9%) and Compositae (3.5%) as the major taxa. Thus, the pollen assemblages were consistent with the regional vegetation compositions. However, there were differences in pollen assemblages among regions, especially among different geomorphological units. For example, in the mountains, there were more types of tree pollen and higher total percentages (average 42%) than in other areas, while cereal pollen percentages were lowest (11.2%). In the hills and high plains, herbs made up more than 60% of the pollens, with cereals (average 53.6%) the dominant type. In the low plains, pollen types were similar to those in the hills and high plains, but total pollen concentrations and the proportion of Concentricystes were much higher, while cereal pollen percentages were slightly lower (average 41.6%). Pollen assemblages in different land use types also differed. For example, in farmland, cereal pollen percentages were more than 40% and Chenopodiaceae was usually less than 2.5%, while in wasteland, weedy Poaceae was usually less than 10% and Chenopodiaceae was usually higher than 25%. Total pollen concentrations in farmland (average 3909 grains/g) were much lower than in wasteland (average 15074 grains/g). Redundancy analysis revealed that pollen assemblages were significantly negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (-0.73) and July mean temperature (-0.81) and significantly positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (0.48), indicating that pollen assemblages in the artificial or human-disturbed vegetation reflect regional climate well. Comparison of pollen assemblages in different areas of northern China showed that pollen concentrations reflect the intensities of human impact to some degree. For example, pollen concentrations decrease as human impacts increase in intensity. The cereal pollen proportions in farmland differed by area. In Northeast China, cereal pollen proportions were distinctly higher than in most other areas of northern China, suggesting differences in planting habits and climate.     

河流入海泥沙对中国海岸带地貌发育的影响

估算我国河流每年向海输沙达22亿吨左右,其中渤海容纳总量的66.5％,东海27.7％,南海5.5％,黄海0.3％。黄河输沙约占一半,小于4φ的颗粒达80—90％,泥沙扩散较远,从而对我国长江口以北的海岸和浅海水域有举足轻重的影响。我国沿岸各地貌的类型,规模和特点明显地受到各河流入海泥沙的数量和性状的影响,而河流输沙口,即河口的迁移则制约了地貌发育的态势。当输沙口向海延伸或向陆退缩时,以三角洲为核心的地貌组合发生整体迂移,可造成新、老地貌组合互相叠加现象,这是一种渐变过程。当河流输沙口在较大范围内摆动时,就导致了入海泥沙在空间上的突然转换,原河口附近的堆积地貌组合因受侵蚀而退化,而在新河口处开始发育新的堆积地貌组合,其过程     

福建省漳州地区第四纪以来植被气候演化的孢粉研究

根据地貌变化,在研究区共施工7个场地33个钻孔,对其中2个代表性钻孔的213个岩芯孢粉样品,采用孢粉谱定量分析法,通过孢粉百分比图式、浓度图式将其划分出若干孢粉组合带,并结合C14和光释光测年数据,揭示了漳州地区第四纪以来的气候演化过程.8.5 ka以来气候演化基本与我国南方区气候演化一致,以温暖气候为主,经历了由温暖偏干到温暖偏湿波动变化的7个阶段.植被经历了中亚热带含针叶树的常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶混交林→北亚热带灌草丛→中亚热带含松、柏树的常绿阔叶林→南亚热带常绿阔叶林→南亚热带含针叶树的常绿阔叶林→南亚热带含针叶树的灌草丛→南亚热带针叶林-灌丛的变化过程.     

芜湖—江阴地区三万年来的植被、气候与环境的初步研究

本文根据芜湖—江阴地区7个钻孔和露头剖面的孢粉分析结果和地层层序,并配合~(14)C测年数据,揭示了最近三万年来的植被发展曾经历了七个阶段,冷暖干湿气候交替12次。最低气温出现在18000a.B.P.前后,当时年平均气温比现在低8℃以上;海平面也处于最低时期,并伴随地面强烈切割。大约在11000a.B.P.前后,气候开始转暖,海面回升,沉积速度加快,进入全新世早期。中全新世早中期(9000—6000a.B.P.),曾出现过高海面期,但最高温时期却出现在中全新世后期,故本区高海面期与高温期不是同步出现的。全新世泥炭发育时间,分别在早、中、晚全新世,主要发育在10000a.B.P.前后,4500—5000a.B.P.左右,4000a.B.P.以后三个时期。更新世与全新世界线,作者认为放在11000a.B.P.为宜。     

卡塔尔鲁卜哈利盆地古生界生储盖组合特征

卡塔尔鲁卜哈利盆地古生界碎屑岩是油气勘探的新领域,在区域地质研究的基础上,利用石油地质学、储层地质学等理论对古生界的生储盖组合进行研究,并重点分析了盖层发育特征.研究结果表明,卡塔尔鲁卜哈利盆地古生界发育良好的生储盖组合,志留系Qusaiba热页岩是主力烃源岩,泥盆系Jauf组滨岸相砂岩和二叠系Unayzah组河流—三角洲相砂岩是主要储层,二叠系Khuff组膏岩及底部的海侵泥岩为区域盖层,同时还发育多套局部盖层.盖层的封盖能力是古生界油气勘探的主要风险之一,区域盖层横向分布稳定,且含膏岩,封盖性好,但局部盖层厚度较薄并且泥岩质不纯,夹薄层白云质泥岩和少量粉砂岩,对封盖能力影响较大,盖层风险不容忽视.     

孢粉化石的信息函数与古环境分析

介绍了利用化学石孢粉信息函数进行古环境分析的基本原理及其计算方法。研究表明：影响孢粉化石丰富程度的因素主要有古气候、古地貌、沉积环境等;通过对孢粉化石丰度、分异度的研究,即可恢复古环境。     

海洋粘土矿物的古环境含意辨析

粘土矿物组合反映了源区气候冷、暖周期性变化,记录了沉积区域古环境演化的重要信息,为古环境重塑提供了有力证据.但沉积岩中粘土矿物组合及含量变化用于古气候的解释目前尚存在一定的局限性和复杂性,例外情况时有发生.各种非气候因素,如源区、沉积环境、成岩作用、差异输送、自生作用,影响粘土矿物的分布和含量,使粘土矿物的古气候含意变得错综复杂.可能只有当沉积盆地很小或者是陆盆,沉积物中的粘土矿物对古气候才可能是有用的指示器.比较大的沉积盆地,尤其是海盆,是从遥远的源区接受岩屑载荷的,代表了一种多样化的环境条件.重组的距离越长,扩散过程越复杂,沉积的粘土矿物组合古气候信息越不清晰.粘土微粒要经过一个长距离才能从土壤到达海洋,因此沉积学家和古气候学家应该多注意土壤和沉积粘土矿物之间关系的复杂性.目前海洋粘土组合的古气候解释,可能代表一种相当宽泛的古气候信息或提供了所有气候影响的整合记录.     

黄骅坳陷舍女寺地区新生代断层发育与油气聚集

舍女寺地区位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷的南部，新生代主要发育了上、下两个相对独立而又互相关联的断层系统。下部断层系统的走向优势方位为北东３０°～４０°，按倾向分为同向正断层和反向正断层两组；上部断层系统的走向优势方位为北东７０°～８０°。断层的分布和组合规律控制着以地堑（半地堑）与地垒（半地垒）为主的多种构造组合样式，从而控制了以断块油气藏为主、不同类型油气藏上下叠合的舍女寺复式油气聚集带的形成。