日本沼虾精荚结构的研究

应用光镜和透射电镜对日本沼虾精荚的结构研究表明：单个精荚由精子团，粘液团和非细胞的包膜三部分组成。包膜具单层结构，主要由细小的相交纤丝所组成的基质构成。在超微结构上，包膜可再分成内，外侧二个区域。包膜几乎完全包被精子团和粘液团。精子团由精子和非细胞基质构成，基质包括沟网，球状体和丝线网三部分，它们分别和精子间在不同的部位连结。     

酶性DNA（Ⅲ）：鱼精DNA酯酶活性的初步研究

从鱼精提取的ＤＮＡ表现酯酶活性。用α或β萘酯作底物，坚牢蓝作显色偶合剂，发现萘酯能被此ＤＮＡ水解从而导致坚牢蓝出现特征性的紫红色。ＤＮＡ溶液中的Ｈ＾＋或ＯＨ＾－并不能使坚牢蓝显色。     

鲤鱼精液超低温冷冻保存及冻精的杂交授精试验研究

本文以鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)为材料,进行了鱼类精液冷冻保存的研究,以及冻精与红鲫(Carassius auratus,red variety)卵子的杂交授精试验。冷冻精液解冻活力为0.3—0.35。在液氮(-196℃)中保存1—2周后,杂交受精率为60.1～66.5%,最高受精率达73%。保存一年后的冻精率为31%。将鱼类精液冷冻保存技术的研究成果应用到杂交育种上,这在国内尚属首次。     

在单细胞水平建立原位PCR基因鉴别技术平台——以精子基因型鉴别为例

目的精子发生是一个包括有丝分裂和减数分裂的精细调控过程,这一过程是从精原干细胞开始在雄性睾丸的曲细精管中完成的,由哺乳动物雌雄性比例接近1∶1这一现象可以推知:受精时带X基因的精子和带Y基因的精子比率应该是1∶1,但事实上精子发生的过程中,分化出来的X、Y精子的比例是否也为1∶1并不清楚,因为精子发生过程中并不是所有细胞都能最终形成精子,然而要研究雌雄出生比率就需要先研究精子本身是否严格地按照1∶1形成,因此本实验通过建立快速可靠原位PCR技术平台为进一步研究精子发生的调控过程提供支持。步骤用HSL基因优化荧光原位PCR实验方案,包括蛋白酶K作用时间和浓度,原位PCR前先对精子进行解聚,再用SRY基因对精子进行原位PCR鉴定。结果在荧光显微镜下可清楚地看到精子头部的荧光信号,头部有绿色荧光信号的精子为带有SRY基因的Y染色体精子(Y精子),实验检测到昆明小鼠精子共493个,有信号的共273个,X∶Y=55.37%,经卡方检验,X精子与Y精子的实验结果趋近于1∶1。结论可利用荧光原位PCR技术在单细胞水平快速鉴定精子"性别",理论上可用于任何细胞的任何基因的鉴定。     

Two new species of Bonnetina tarantulas (Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) from Mexico: contributions to morphological nomenclature and molecular characterization of types

Two new species of tarantulas from Mexico are described and illustrated: Bonnetina tenuiverpis and Bonnetina juxtantricola, from the states of Mexico and Guerrero, respectively. Male palpal bulbs, tibial apophyses and spermatheca are among the most taxonomically informative characters. Male bulb microstructure is revealed from scanning electron microscopy; both new and homologous structures to other Theraphosinae genera are identified and described. Nomenclatural changes for male tibial apophyses are also proposed. The holotype male and allotype female of one of the species are molecularly characterized and matched from CO1 partial sequence.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BBDBBEDE-6983-4F5C-B34C-4622DF494C84     

缢蛏对60Co-γ辐射致雄性小鼠生殖损伤的修复效应

以清洁级ICR雄性小鼠为实验动物,研究了不同浓度缢蛏对60Co-γ致雄性小鼠生殖损伤的修复作用.测定小鼠体重、睾丸重量、精子密度、精子活力、精子畸变率等指标.实验结果表明:不同浓度的缢蛏均使受辐照小鼠的体重有所回升.一定剂量的缢蛏对受辐照小鼠的精子活力、精子密度有一定的增加.结论是缢蛏对60Co-γ致小鼠生殖损伤具有一定的修复效应.     

奶牛精子尾部颈段的超微结构

奶牛精子尾部颈段的中央结构是连接片(connecting piece).连接片具横纹,由踝状突(capitulum)和9条节柱(segmented columns)构成。踝状突位于核后端的植入窝中。踝状突的腹面与节柱相连。有3条节柱在近踝状突腹面处聚集成为一条较大的节柱,与踝状突前端的腹面相连。另有2条节柱也在近踝状突腹面聚集成为另一条较大的节柱,与踝状突后端的腹面相连。其余4条节柱与踝状突两侧的腹面相连。9条节柱的末端分别与9条外周致密纤维(outer dense fibers)相连。近端中心粒位于踝状突之中,远端中心粒分裂成为9条柱状结构。每条柱状结构分别依附于每一条节柱与外周致密纤维连接处的内侧。在远端中心粒的中央有轴丝的两条中央微管和两条内棒(internal robs)。在连接片的外侧方还有线粒体。线粒体不形成线粒体鞘。     

中西药结合治疗感染性少、弱精子症临床分析

为探讨中西药结合治疗感染性少、弱精子症疗效,对73例存在不同部位生殖系统感染的少精子症或弱精子症引起的不育症患者应用相应抗生素治疗的同时均给予中药治疗,3个月为一个疗程,间隔3个月后复查精液常规,随访生育情况一年.结果:少精子症组随访中有9例妻子妊娠,妊娠率为33.3%.其中1例因剧烈活动妊娠2个月流产.弱精子症组随访中有17例妻子妊娠,妊娠率为37.0%,其中1例无明显原因妊娠2个月后流产.治疗前、后两组精液各项参数明显改善(P＜0.05).说明中、西药结合治疗感染性少、弱精子症起到标本兼治的疗效,少精子症、弱精子症妻子妊娠率均高于自然妊娠率,精液参数明显提高.     

Sex-peptides: seminal peptides of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis> male

Mating affects the reproductive behaviour of insect females: the egg-laying rate increases and courting males are rejected. These post-mating responses are induced mainly by seminal fluid. In Drosophila melanogaster, males transfer two peptides (sex-peptides, = Sps) that reduce receptivity and elicit increased egg laying in their mating partners. Similarities in the open reading frames of the genes suggest that they have arisen by gene duplication. In females, Sps bind to specific sites in the central and peripheral nervous system, and to the genital tract. The binding proteins of the nervous system and genital tract are membrane proteins, but they differ molecularly. The former protein is proposed to be a receptor located at the top of a signalling cascade leading to the two post-mating responses, whereas the latter is a carrier protein moving Sps from the genital tract into the haemolymph. Sps bind to sperm. Together with sperm they are responsible for the persistence of the two post-mating responses. But Sps are the molecular basis of the sperm effect; sperm is merely the carrier.Received 10 February 2003; received after revision 25 April 2003; accepted 1 May 2003This article is dedicated to the 85th birthday of the discover of the sex-peptide, Prof. Dr. Pei Shen Chen, Zoological Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland. P. S. Chen has served on the Editorial Board of Experientia (now CMLS) from 1974 to 1988.