灵芝菌丝体碱提多糖对小鼠细胞免疫的作用

体外灵芝菌丝体碱提多糖对脾细胞增殖反应和巨噬细胞的吞噬能力均有促进作用,但显示出低剂量增强、高剂量抑制的双向调节能力.体内实验表明灵芝菌丝体碱提多糖高、低剂量组灌胃给药在第10天时,能够最大增强淋巴细胞增殖反应.同时,显著升高CD 4T细胞的百分率,而对CD 8T细胞的百分率无影响,从而改善CD 4T/CD 8T细胞的比值,促进荷瘤小鼠恢复正常的免疫平衡状态.因此,灵芝菌丝体碱提多糖对小鼠体内外细胞免疫有直接作用,但有剂量和时间依赖性.     

维生素C-磷脂复合体抑制LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞氧化应激的研究

 为了比较维生素C-磷脂复合体（VitC-PC）和VitC体外抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞氧化应激的活性,本研究提取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,在体外培养,用沙门氏菌脂多糖（LPS）诱导氧化应激,分别用不同浓度VitC和VitC-PC进行处理,测定培养液一氧化氮（NO）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、丙二醛（MDA）和细胞内诱导性NO合成酶（iNOS）,以评价细胞炎性反应、细胞膜完整性和脂质过氧化程度。同时静息态腹腔巨噬细胞与不同浓度的VitC或VitC-PC共孵育,测定细胞内VitC浓度,以评价细胞摄取VitC或VitC-PC的效率。结果发现,在高浓度添加VitC时,巨噬细胞摄取VitC-PC的效率高于VitC（P<0.05）,VitC-PC抑制LPS诱导巨噬细胞释放NO、发生脂质过氧化（产生MDA）和细胞膜损伤（LDH泄露）的效率显著高于VitC（P<0.05）。因此,本研究证明VitC-PC比VitC更易进入细胞内部发挥抗氧化作用。     

Regulation of phagocyte migration and recruitment by Src-family kinases

Src-family kinases (SFKs) regulate different granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that members of this family are implicated in signal transduction pathways regulating phagocytic cell migration and recruitment into inflammatory sites. Macrophages with a genetic deficiency of SFKs display marked alterations in cytoskeleton dynamics, polarization and migration. This same phenotype is found in cells with either a lack of SFK substrates and/or interacting proteins such as Pyk2/FAK, c-Cbl and p190RhoGAP. Notably, SFKs and their downstream targets also regulate monocyte recruitment into inflammatory sites. Depending on the type of assay used, neutrophil migration in vitro may be either dependent on or independent of SFKs. Also neutrophil recruitment in in vivo models of inflammation may be regulated differently by SFKs depending on the tissue involved. In this review we will discuss possible mechanisms by which SFKs may regulate phagocytic cell migratory abilities.     

原发性肝癌组织中TAM和MC与MV计数及病理意义

目的 研究原发性肝癌（primary hepatocarcinoma,PHC）组织中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophage,TAM）、肥大细胞（mast cells,MC）和微血管（microvessel,MV）的计数及其临床病理意义,并探讨了三者之间的相互关系.方法 应用ABC免疫组化法,对47例PHC手术切除标本常规石蜡包埋切片分别检测TAM、MC和MV,并高倍镜下计数.结果 47例PHC癌组织中TAM、MC和MV计数均显著高于癌旁组织（TAM：70.27±17.93个/HP vs. 44.15±9.10个/HP,P<0.01;MC：15.46±4.54个/HP vs. 8.08±2.03个/HP,P<0.01;MV：67.30±13.68个/HP vs. 37.20±10.58个/HP,P<0.01）;TAM与MV在术前AFU（α-岩藻糖）小于等于10 μg/L病例的计数显著高于AFU大于10 μg/L病例的计数(TAM：74.13±18.33个/HP vs. 61.15±13.54个/HP,P<0.05;MV：70.41±13.03个/HP vs. 59.97±12.69个/HP,P<0.05);伴转移病例癌组织中的MV计数（73.50±13.77个/HP）显著高于无转移病例(64.10±12.68个/HP,P<0.05);MC、TAM、MV在PHC中的计数与PHC其他主要临床病理特征之间均无明显关系;癌组织中TAM计数与MV计数呈正相关（P<0.01,r=0.686）,MC计数与MV计数呈正相关（P<0.05,r=0.348）.结论 MC、TAM、MV的计数与PHC 的发生、发展关系密切;MV计数高的PHC易于发生浸润和转移;TAM、MC与PHC的血管生成可能有密切的关系.     

小鼠巨噬细胞受S-O_2-1菌苗激活后的免疫增强效应

本文研究了小鼠巨噬细胞受S-O_2-1菌苗激活后的免疫增强效应.不同种鼠的小腹腔巨噬细胞均可被S-O_2-1菌苗激活,并能使其增殖,体积增大.激活后的巨噬细胞的亚微结构变化显著,细胞突起增多,表面积增加,线粒体及溶酶体增多,吞噬功能增强;细胞内溶菌酶、酸性磷酸酶及非特异性脂酶的活性明显增加.结果表明,S-O_2-1菌苗能增强小鼠巨噬细胞的免疫功能.     

An immunohistochemical study of the clearance of apoptotic cellular fragments

We investigated the distribution and fate of apoptotic bodies during human development and in the adult, using an antibody (M30) that recognizes a neo-epitope formed early in the apoptotic cascade by caspase cleavage of cytokeratin 18. In the fetus, we found extensive accumulation of M30-positive, non-phagocytosed fragments in the red pulp of the spleen, subcutaneous and submucosal vessels, the interstitium of the lung, and the glomerular mesangium of the kidneys. In the liver, M30-immunoreactive fragments were found inside macrophages in the sinusoids. The number of these fragments and the intensity of the immunostaining increased with the gestational age of the fetus. In the adult, M30-positive fragments were barely detectable in normal tissues. However, many pathological situations, including both chronic degenerative processes and metastatic cancer, were associated with accumulation of M30-positive fragments in the red pulp of the spleen. In the liver and kidney, no fragments could be detected. Remarkably, 13 of the 16 patients with metastasized cancer showed pronounced accumulation of M30-positive fragments containing hematoxylin-reactive material in the red pulp of the spleen. In the non-cancerous cases, such DNA-containing fragments were only seen in 9 of 94 cases. The results show that when apoptotic activity is high, as during development in the fetus or during metastasis and other pathological processes in the adult, the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic bodies can be overloaded. These apoptotic fragments then accumulate in the spleen. The visual detection of apoptotic fragments is concluded to reflect increased cell turnover. Received 1 July 2002; accepted 1 July 2002     

小鼠腹水瘤巨噬细胞对大肠杆菌O157免疫应答的膜蛋白质组学研究

采用膜亚蛋白质组学方法研究小鼠腹水瘤巨噬细胞Raw 264.7对致病性大肠杆菌O157的免疫应答反应,筛选并鉴定到24个差异表达的膜蛋白质.这些膜蛋白质与细胞免疫、细胞周期、细胞发育、细胞骨架、细胞生长等有关.在蛋白质水平上对巨噬细胞与大肠杆菌间的相互作用关系进行了一些探索性研究,为进一步揭示机体对病原反应的作用机制提供理论基础.     

Activation of proteinkinase ERK mediates induction of macrophage MMP-12 by OxLDL

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on the expression of maerophage matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), and the possible mechanisms. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was detected by Western blot analysis.Enzymatic activity of MMP-12 was determined by β-casein zymography. RT-PCR analysis was used to measure the mRNA expression level of MMP-12. OxLDL-stimulated macrophages produced increased casein-degrading activities and oxLDL also significantly increased the mRNA level of MMP-12 in a dose-dependent manner.OxLDL stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in macrophages. The use of the specific inhibitor indicated that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was required for the induction of MMP-12.These data demonstrated that oxLDL induced MMP-12 expression in macrophages through an ERK1/2-dependent pathway.     

The functions of mucosal T cells in containing the indigenous commensal flora of the intestine

There is an immense load of non-pathogenic commensal bacteria in the distal small intestine and the colon of mammals. The physical barrier that prevents penetration (translocation) of these organisms into the body is a simple epithelium comprised of the single enterocyte/colonocyte cell layer with its overlying mucus. In this review, we discuss the roles of intestinal T cells in initiating and regulating innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses of the mucosal immune system that avoid or limit penetration of the commensal intestinal bacteria. Received 9 August 2002; accepted 9 September 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.