《务虚笔记》:两极悖论的沉思

中国当代文坛因为有了史铁生才显得不那么浅陋与浮华,在繁华人生的热闹处,他显得孤独而凄惶。但是,他对人的生与死、苦与乐、爱与欲、残与全等等人们本不该忽略的大命题进行了深入而有力的拷问。面对人类无法挣脱的多种根本性的生存困境,他以自己的生命来思考,并给我们指引了一条通向理想天国的朝圣之路。     

美东地区罗德河流域地下水中铝形态分布的化学平衡模式计算

美东地区的罗德河流域遭受着严重的酸沉降侵蚀．在酸性条件下,铝从土壤中大量溶解并迁移到水环境中．地表水中升高的铝浓度对鱼类产生毒害,监测地表水和土壤水中的铝形态及浓度变化已成为问题的关键．本文报导了用化学平衡模式计算法分析美东地区罗德河流域地下水中的铝形态分布,获得了有价值的结论     

全球化语境中的"民族国家悖论"及其哲学维度

通过揭示全球化语境中民族国家在全球主义和民族主义两大对立思潮的挑战下的“悖反”处境，从哲学维度，以唯物史观的基本原理和相关理论为方法论基础，对民族国家这一现代最具普遍性的政治形式的历史建构、基本要素和在全球化时代面临的现实挑战以及未来发展趋势进行总体性研究和概括性把握。     

洛伦兹变换的地位、作用及其物理意义

洛伦兹变换是一物理事件相对两个不同惯性系之间的时空坐标变换方程。它以严谨的数学语言反映了狭义相对论新的时空观。由此统一了物理学中的宏观低速领域与微观高速领域。并为现代物理学的发展提供了广阔的空间。本用定性的物理分析和定量的数学推导相结合。着重阐述了洛伦兹变换在狭义相对论中的地位、作用及其物理意义。     

信息技术"生产率悖论"分析

介绍了“生产率悖论”的起源和概念，从信息价值的计量与评价角度分析了“生产率悖论”产生的原因，指出随着电子商务和信息技术应用系统的普及，信息技术的“生产率悖论”问题将会得到解决。     

Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes

ABSTRACT

We describe two diminutive species of rattlesnakes (genus Crotalus) from small nearshore islands off the coast of Baja California in the western Gulf of California, Mexico. In order to test the hypothesis that some island populations represent cohesive species entities, we applied linear discriminant analysis and uniform validation procedures to multiple classes of intrinsic trait data. By using previously recognised species to establish a threshold for species recognition, we found that assignment of specimens to either new species was as probable as with other established rattlesnake species within the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii) complex. We also found that assignment of specimens from other island populations was not as probable as for the established species, and these populations are referable to C. pyrrhus. The species endemic to Piojo Island is most closely related to other island and mainland populations of C. pyrrhus whereas the species endemic to Cabeza de Caballo Island is apparently most closely related to C. angelensis, a nearby island endemic of large body size. However, patterns from both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies, and phenotypic variation, indicate that evolutionary trajectories of both of these species have been influenced by introgression from C. angelensis. We speculate that collective evidence based on contrasting patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial evolution supports a hybrid origin of the species from Cabeza de Caballo Island followed by exceptionally rapid mitochondrial evolution. Consistent with small body size, both species show a reduction in various scale counts relative to other species of the C. mitchellii species complex, suggesting that dwarfism is not simply a plastic response to insular conditions.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn.lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBC8A11B-04A3-4231-85CA-3972DF5A42FF     

A comparative study of the mating call of Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Anura: Ranidae) from syntopic and allotopic populations

The mating call of Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax kurtmuelleri from three syntopic and five allotopic populations was studied. All recordings were made during the mating season. We tested the hypothesis that the call of P. ridibundus from allotopic populations would differ from that in syntopic populations with P. kurtmuelleri. For the comparative analysis we used univariate and multivariate statistical methods and the following characteristics: call duration, pulse group duration, pulse group interval, pulse group period, pulse group number, minimum, maximum, fundamental and dominant frequencies and pulse energy. Analyses reveal a trait divergence in most of the studied characteristics of the signals, with stronger differentiation between P. kurtmuelleri and P. ridibundus in syntopic populations than between the two species in allotopic ones. The possible evolutionary implications of this divergence are discussed.     

规范认识危机与社会科学研究的方法论倾向——读黄宗智:《中国经济史中的悖论现象与当前的规范认识危机》

如果从方法论的角度来考察,黄宗智先生的《中国经济史中的悖论现象与当前的规范认识危机》一文无论是对于当代中国的历史学研究还是整个社会科学研究都具有十分重要的参考意义。这和他的学术经历和学术反思是紧密相关的。     

Microstructures and nanostructures of high Andean Penaincisalia lycaenid butterfly scales (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): descriptions and interpretations

The scales of one high Andean eumaeine lycaenid butterfly species with pale dorsal coloration and four species with vivid dorsal colour were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The micro‐ and nanostructures are illustrated, described, measured, and interpreted. The vivid colours in the species are caused by a pepper‐pot nanostructure of Urania‐type scales. This nanostructure is a three‐dimensional lattice within the body of the individual scale. The scales of the non‐vivid orange species are lacking this nanostructure and the surfaces of their scales show high microstructure irregularities. This absence of vivid colour may be correlated with thermal regulation. The irregularity of the scale microstructures suggests a heavy environmental pressure on the populations sampled. Previously unknown structural variations of Urania‐type scales are also described. The existence of closed scale microcell structures, explained as an apomorphic character in the tribe Eumaeini, most probably evolved independently several times. It is hypothesized that scale micro‐ and nanostructure modifications develop syntopically within a population, which in turn can lead to rapid diversification.     

并联机器人误差辨识研究

本文对考虑输入误差、间隙及结构参数误差的并联机器人位姿误差进行了研究,并在此基础上对机械手的位姿误差进行了统计分析。从统计分析的位姿误差表达式入手,应用最小二乘技术,对矛盾方程组求解,导出了并联机器人机构的各个原始误差参数的数学表达式。利用该数学表达式,可方便地求出其机构的输入参数偏差,运动副间隙和结构参数误差等多种原始误差数值。