高效液相色谱法测定制剂中生长抑素的含量

介绍了一种用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中生长抑素含量的新方法,该法测定准确,操作简便,重现性好.     

Endorcine cells producing regulatory peptides

Summary Recent data on the immunologication of regulatory peptides and related propeptide sequences in endocrine cells and tumours of the gastrointestinal tract pancreas, lung, thyroid, pituitary (ACTH and opioids), adrenals and paraganglia have been revised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory beenrevised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), neurotensin, glicentin/glucagon-37 and PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) are the main products of gastrointestinal endocrine cells; glucagon, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), somatostatin, PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and GRF (growth hormone releasing factor), in addition to insulin, are produced in pancreatic islet cells; bombesin-related peptidesare the main markers of pulmonary endocrine cells; calcitonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) occur in thyroid and extrathyroid C cells; ACTH and endorphins in anterior and intermediate lobe pituitary cells, -MSH and CLIP (corticotropoin-like intermediate lobe peptide) in intermediate lobe cells; met- and leu-enkephalins and related peptides in adrenal medullary and paraganglionic cells as well as in some gut (enterochromaffin) cells; NPY (neuropeptide Y) in adrenalin-type adrenal medullary cells, etc.. Both tissue-appropriate and tissue-inappropriate regulatory peptides are produced by endocrine tumours, with inappropriate peptides mostly produced by malignant tumours.     

Distribution of growth hormone-like immunoreactive cells and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri

Using immunohistochemical method and double staining technique, the localization of growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus has been investigated. The results showed that the growth hormone-like nerve cells and endocrine cells as well as three subtypes of somatostatin receptors exist in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit, and GH-like nerve cells and endocrine cells co-exist with three subtypes of somatostatin receptors in the brain vesicle and Hatschek's pit. It is suggested that a primitive control system of inhibitory growth hormone secretion in Hatschek's pit could have been developed in amphioxus, as in vertebrates. The present study provides new evidence for the endocrinology and the evolution of Hatschek's pit.     

人胎颈交感节肽能神经元的免疫细胞化学的研究

取１６例２４～３２周龄的死亡人胎作材料，用免疫细胞化学方法，于光镜下观察到颈上神经节（简称颈上节）和星状神经节（简称星状节）中存在含血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）神经元和纤维，含生长抑素（ＳＯＭ）神经元和纤雏以及含Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）纤维，但未发现含ＳＰ神经元。二节中的含ＶＩＰ神经元和含ＳＯＭ神经元形状多种，免疫反应染色深浅不等，颈上节以大、中型细胞为主，而星状节以中、小型细胞居多。上述神经元类型和分布未有明显的胎龄变化。结果揭示颈交感神经节中，含ＶＩＰ和含ＳＯＭ神经元在出生前已经发育。ＶＩＰ、ＳＯＭ和ＳＰ３种神经肽在胎儿期已作为神经传导物或神经调节物而发挥功能。     

Effect of high doses of somatostatin on adenylate cyclase activity in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes from normal subjects and from acute leukemia patients

Summary In normal lymphocytes somatostatin non-competitively inhibited basal (ID₅₀ 5×10^–4 M) and isoproterenol- and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (Ac). In acute leukemia blasts, non-responsive to isoproterenol, forskolin, which activates the catalytic subunit, stimulated and somatostatin inhibited Ac, thus indicating the leukemic enzyme, though defective, retains the inhibitory pathway and catalyst function.     

Preliminary observations on the co-existence of regulatory peptides in cells of the baboon endocrine pancreas

Summary Immunocytochemical procedures at ultrastructural and light microscopy level revealed, in the Chacma baboon endocrine pancreas, cells which were immunoreactive for glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Some D cells were observed to contain secretory granules with both the appearance and immunoreactivity of A cell secretory granules.     

半胱胺对鹅生长内分泌的影响

探讨了半胱胺(CS)对成年鹅血浆中生长抑素(SS)、生长激素(GH)和胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)的影响和调节机理.14只装有翅静脉瘘管的成年杂交鹅(川白×太湖),自身对照.试验期于日粮中一次性添喂半胱胺(100mg/kg,按体重计),自由采食和饮水.采取对照期和处理后第1、3、5、7d的血样,用RIA双抗法测定其中激素的含量.结果表明,试验期SS较对照期(1.89±0.10)μg/L分别降低了41.18%(P<0.01)、26.74%(P<0.01)、37.43%(P<0.01)和17.11%(P<0.05);试验期第1、3、5和7d的GH较对照期(0.55±0.15)μg/L显著(P<0.01)升高,分别为34.55%、78.18%、65.45%和54.55%;试验期的IGF-I较对照期(25.29±4.91)μg/L分别升高了7.28%、59.07%(P<0.01)、22.41%(P<0.05)和1.38%.因此,CS能够降低成年鹅血液中SS含量,使GH和IGF-I水平升高,从而调节鹅的神经内分泌,促进生长.     

放射性核素99mTc-奥曲肽体内生物分布的研究

目的:探讨99mTc-奥曲肽在生物体内与生长抑素受体结合的影像分布特性,为生长抑素受体显像提供实验依据。方法:利用薄层层析法计算99mTc-奥曲肽标记率与放化纯度。3只SD大鼠经静脉注射99mTc-奥曲肽后,在不同时间内显像并测定心血池放射性计数,计算奥曲肽血药浓度;3名志愿者静脉注射99mTc-奥曲肽后在不同时间内显像并观察人体内生长抑素受体分布。结果:99mTc-奥曲肽的放化纯度可以满足显像试验要求,静脉注射后在血中迅速进入器官组织,在肝脏中有较高浓度的聚集,主要经尿路排泄。结论:99mTc-奥曲肽在血液内清除速度快,主要在肝脏浓聚,并通过泌尿系统排泄,显像结果证明其具有很好的显像特性。     

Ontogenic development of peptide hormones in the mammalian fetal pancreas

Summary The ontogeny of insulin, glucagon, PP and somatostatin in the mammalian fetal pancreas has been examined in recent years largely by immunocytochemistry and in some instances by radioimmunoassay. Complete ontogenic data are available only for the rat, human pig and sheep. Figure 3 compares the time of appearance of the endocrine cell-types within the fetal pancreas when the periods of gestation of the four species are converted to a uniform scale. The striking ontogenic difference in the rat probably reflects the immaturity of the rodent fetus at birth compared with the human, pig and sheep. In the fetal pancreas, differences in cell number of glucagon and PP cells in the dorsal and ventral lobes become apparent from an early gestational period. Factors responsible for the functional and structural maturation of the fetal pancreatic endocrine cells and the processes involved in pancreatic organogenesis are poorly understood. Studies in these areas would have clinical implications since it may be possible in the future to employ agents for selective replication of fetal -cells for transplantation in patients with Type I diabetes, bearing in mind that such cells must have the capacity to respond to normal stimuli and repressors when transplanted. The presence of the other islet cell-types may be obligatory for these appropriate responses. This would require a more complete knowledge of those factors which produce the normal selectivity of the four hormonal cell-types.