大学生羞怯与手机成瘾倾向:孤独感的中介作用

为探讨大学生羞怯与手机成瘾倾向的关系,考察孤独感在大学生羞怯与手机成瘾倾向之间的中介作用。采用羞怯量表、UCLA孤独量表得分第三版和大学生手机成瘾倾向量表对在贵州省8所高校抽取的1 147名大学生进行调查。结果显示:大学生羞怯量表得分、孤独感量表与手机成瘾倾向量表得分显著正相关(r=0.27,r=0.29,均P<0.001),羞怯量表得分和孤独感量表得分显著正相关(r=0.49,均P<0.001);羞怯和孤独感均可显著正向预测大学生手机成瘾倾向(均P<0.001),孤独感在大学生羞怯与手机成瘾倾向之间的部分中介作用成立。     

雄激素与鼠类的社会行为

雄激素引起的社会行为包括杀婴行为、攻击行为、交配行为和社会识别行为等 ,雄激素首先引起脑结构的性差 ,是雌雄个体社会行为发生差异的基础 .雄激素引起的杀婴行为目前还有争议 ,多数学者认为还与孕酮有关 ;雄激素引起的攻击行为还受年龄、生殖状态 (泌乳时期 )、婚配制度、父本扶养还是母本扶养等各种因素的影响 ;雄激素引起的交配行为、社会识别行为还与化学感觉系统有关 ,社会识别主要由抗利尿激素依赖雄激素而产生 .     

棕色田鼠和沼泽田鼠脑内部结构性二型的比较研究

对棕色田鼠和沼泽田鼠大脑中央视前区、终纹床核、杏仁核、大脑皮层、扣带回、海马、齿状回等进行了测量和比较,结果发现,雌雄沼泽田鼠终纹底核、杏仁核和中央视前区的差异,比棕色田鼠两性间更为显著,而棕色田鼠大脑皮层和海马显著大于沼泽田鼠．大脑皮层和海马是参与记忆痕迹的结构,且大脑皮层又与社会行为有关．因此,推测棕色田鼠和沼泽田鼠性二型的差异可能与两种田鼠的婚配制度有关．     

衢州中国石龙子形态特征和雌体繁殖输出

通过报道浙江衢州中国石龙子成体形态特征的两性异形和雌体繁殖输出，测定了雌雄两性个体的体长、体重、头长和头宽、附肢长和腹长，除腹长无显著两性差异外，其他形态特征均表现为雄性个体大于雌性个体。衢州种群雌体年产单窝卵，平均窝卵数，窝卵重和平均卵重分别为16．8，8．767g和0．589g．     

中国石龙子头、体大小的性二态

本文研究中国石龙子（Ｅｕｍｅｃｅｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）头、体大小的性二态。成雄体长和体重略大于成雌，但在统计上无明显差异。雌雄亚成体相对头长，相对头宽和相对头高无显著差异。成雄相对头长、相对头宽和相对头高显著大于成雌和亚成体。亚成体相对头长、相对头宽和相对头高与成雌无显著差异。雄性性成熟后头部的生长显著大子雌性。     

六种游蛇属蛇尾长的两性异形和种间差异

测定六种分布于浙江的游蛇属蛇类的体长和尾长,检测尾长的两性异形和种间差异.六种游蛇属蛇的两性个体尾长均与体长呈显著的正相关,六种游蛇属蛇间体长差异显著.协方差分析显示渔游蛇、草游蛇、虎斑游蛇的雄性的尾长显著大于雌性,水赤链游蛇、锈链游蛇、乌游蛇的尾长无显著的两性差异.种间相对尾长的差异显著.     

Natural history of the marsupial Thylamys macrurus (Mammalia,Didelphidae) in fragments of savannah in southwestern Brazil

The objective of this study was to furnish information on the natural history of the Neotropical marsupial Thylamys macrurus in the southern Cerrado of Brazil. A range expansion of the species was observed to the northeast of the Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Specimens were surveyed in fragments of savannah (40–600 ha) during dry and wet seasons in 2003 and 2004 with live‐trap grids and pitfall lines. With an effort of 9767 trap nights and 2200 pitfall nights, we obtained 102 captures and 49 recaptures of T. macrurus. The data analyzed (57 males and 40 females) showed that males are more abundant in the dry season and females in the wet season. Young were recorded mostly during the wet season. Thylamys macrurus was scansorial, using the floor and the understorey. Sexual dimorphism was recorded, with males being larger than females. Information on ectoparasites is supplied.     

Subspeciation or none? The hardun in the Aegean (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae: Laudakia stellio)

A study aimed at testing the contested validity of the subspecies Laudakia stellio daani yielded novel insights into the essence of subspecies. We examined morphologically museum specimens from Greece, Aegean islands, and Anatolia (n?=?118; not all could be used in all analyses). Beyond the conventional mensural, meristic and qualitative characters we quantified 14 coloration characters, thus totalling 34 characters (including sex). Biometry was statistically analysed within and between the two geographically defined presumed subspecies, L. s. daani and L. s. stellio. Excluding or including broken‐tailed specimens changed the outcome of tests. Significant minor directional asymmetry occurred in one of four character‐taxon combinations. Phenetic cluster analysis poorly separated the two presumed subspecies when all characters, including those with discordant variation, were included; after selection of characters, the separation improved. Some biometric characters distinguish the two presumed subspecies, confirming their validity. The associations of significant inter‐character correlations differed between the two subspecies. Additionally, the two differed in parameters reflecting selection pressures and social structure: L. s. stellio is more colourful than L. s. daani; its sexual dimorphism is mainly chromatic, versus mensural in L. s. daani; and its population seems to include many males with underdeveloped callous scales, presumably socially subordinate, versus very few in L. s. daani.     

Behavioural and morphological dimorphism of the sexes: an account of two primitively eusocial wasps

In social Hymenoptera, foraging, nest building, brood care and all other colony maintenance functions are carried out by the females while males function solely as reproductives. This asymmetry in social roles of the two sexes has led social insect researchers to focus almost exclusively on the females whereas males have remained relatively neglected. We studied two sympatric, primitively eusocial wasps, Ropalidia marginata and Ropalidia cyathiformis, and compared the morphological and behavioural profiles of males and females. Males of both species are smaller in size and weigh less compared to females. Males of the two species live in the nest for different durations. Borrowing from the ecological literature we use novel methods to compute and compare behavioural diversity and behavioural richness and show that females of both species are behaviourally richer and more diverse than the males.