关于树的逆对偶度一个猜想的证明

关于树的逆对偶度有下列猜想:Ivd≥R,本文证明,当R>0时,Ivd≥R+1/3     

冷水鱼固着类纤毛虫PCR检测方法探讨及感染因素分析

针对冷水鱼养殖中固着类纤毛虫检测难和污染源不明确、种类鉴定难的问题,对冷水鱼养殖环境中固着类纤毛虫的主要寄生种类及感染因素进行调查分析,在不同季节于河北省内采集冷水鱼和水环境样本。首先,采用形态学方法对鱼体及水环境中的固着类纤毛虫进行初步鉴定;然后,建立PCR方法进行分子水平鉴定,并进行系统发育学分析;最后,对冷水鱼感染寄生虫的原因进行分析。形态学鉴定结果表明,冷水鱼寄生的固着类纤毛虫主要有累枝虫(Epistylis sp.)和钟虫(Vorticella sp.)2类;引物设计、敏感性和特异性试验结果显示,建立的寄生虫PCR检测方法有效,测序比对和系统发育分析结果进一步验证了其形态学结果;运用已建立的PCR方法检测出固着类纤毛虫在水环境中高达94.38%,鱼体广泛寄生,感染率达到了100%;且无季节差异,水体中的虫体可能是造成鱼长期感染的原因之一。研究数据可为冷水鱼病害的科学预测、预防和治疗提供依据,同时为冷水鱼养殖产业的可持续发展提供疫病防治参考。     

Two new species of Bonnetina tarantulas (Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) from Mexico: contributions to morphological nomenclature and molecular characterization of types

Two new species of tarantulas from Mexico are described and illustrated: Bonnetina tenuiverpis and Bonnetina juxtantricola, from the states of Mexico and Guerrero, respectively. Male palpal bulbs, tibial apophyses and spermatheca are among the most taxonomically informative characters. Male bulb microstructure is revealed from scanning electron microscopy; both new and homologous structures to other Theraphosinae genera are identified and described. Nomenclatural changes for male tibial apophyses are also proposed. The holotype male and allotype female of one of the species are molecularly characterized and matched from CO1 partial sequence.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BBDBBEDE-6983-4F5C-B34C-4622DF494C84     

Re-evaluation of the phylogenetic position of the genus Dexiotrichides (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) inferred from stomatogenetic and molecular information for Dexiotrichides pangi

The divisional process and systematic position of the marine scuticociliate Dexiotrichides pangi are studied. Based on both stomatogenetic data and 18S rDNA gene sequences, the phylogeny and morphogenetic characteristics of this taxon, and of other related genera, are analyzed and discussed. Both the divisionary events and the molecular biological data indicate that this speciesgenus, together with certain other genera in the Dexiotricha-complex, occupies an intermediate position between the tetrahymenids and the “typical” scuticociliate, which suggests that the Dexiotricha-like taxa should be excluded from the “true” scuticociliates. As a further contribution, the process of stomatogenesis in D. pangi can be summarized as follows: (1) The oral primordia in the opisthe are formed only by the proliferation of basal bodies in the scutica field, which subsequently develop into three membranelles, while the new paroral membrane seems to be generated by the sub-anterior portion of somatic kinety 1 (the 1st postoral intercalary kinety). The latter character exhibits a mode similar to Tetrahymena. (2) In the proter the parental membranelles are retained and remain unchanged throughout the entire division process; only the old paroral membrane is disassembled and differentiated into the anlage, which then gives rise to the new paroral membrane and the scutica of the proter. The 18S rRNA gene sequence reported here is the first one for a ciliate in the Dexiotricha-complex.     

魏氏拟尾柱虫(Paraurostyla weissei)小核体功能的研究

对魏氏拟尾柱虫（Ｐａｒａｕｒｏｓｔｙｌａ ｗｅｉｓｓｅｉ）施行显微手术去小核，共得无小核再生细胞１１７个。所有去小核的再生细胞虫体较小，活动能力和捕食能力明显减弱，游动范围大大缩小，细胞质深暗且看不到有明显的食物泡存在。近半数的无小核再生体失去了细胞分裂的能力，另外半数的无小核细胞在术后１０天内员能分裂１～３次，但２个星期内所有的无小核体均陆续死亡，完全丧失了生存能力。     

纤毛虫胞质微管及大核的FLUTAX-EB荧光标记方法

以游仆虫、尖毛虫和尾柱虫三种腹毛目纤毛虫为材料,在应用FLUTAX方法显示纤毛虫细胞微管结构的标本制备过程中,增加了EB染色的歩骤,使标记纤毛虫细胞皮层微管的同时也显示了细胞核的结构.并提出了实验中对EB浓度及渗透时间等需注意的方面.     

Ciliate—decapod epibiosis in two areas of the north-west Mediterranean coast

A study was carried out of the protozoan ciliate epibionts present on diverse decapod crustaceans from two areas of the north-west Mediterranean. A total of 92 crustaceans was examined (65 brachyurans and 27 anomurans, belonging to 15 species). Seventeen ciliate species were identified (two heterotrichs, two chonotrichs, ten suctorians, and three peritrichs). This is the first record of the family of folliculinid ciliates as epibiont on crustaceans in Mediterranean waters. The suctorian Acinetides symbiotica, considered endemic to Lake Nyassa, was found in the sampling areas. Local variations, microlocation on the surface and anatomical units of the decapods, and differential distribution of epibionts were also considered.     

甘肃博峪河自然保护区土壤纤毛虫群落特征

用活体观察和蛋白银染色法对甘肃博峪河自然保护区11个采样点的土壤纤毛虫群落特征进行了研究.共鉴定到76种纤毛虫,隶属于3纲10目29科42属.广布种为陆生拟裸口虫(Pseudoholophrya terricola)、僧帽肾形虫(Colpoda cucullus)、齿脊拟肾形虫(Paracolpoda steini)、膨胀肾形虫(Colpoda inflata)、土壤肾形虫(Colpodaedaphoni)、有肋薄咽虫(Leptopharynx costatus)、刚毛胃纤虫(Homalogastra setosa)、近亲殖口虫(Gonostomumaffine)、苔藓游仆虫(Euplotes muscicola).下毛目为该保护区土壤纤毛虫群落中的优势类群,肾形目和前口目为次优势类群,管口目和寡毛目属罕见类群.研究区C/P系数为0.615,Jaccard相似性系数在0.184～0.532之间.结果分析表明,博峪河自然保护区的生境适宜于土壤纤毛虫的生长与繁殖,各样点土壤纤毛虫物种分布有明显差异,且与各样点小生境密切相关,物种数的差异和较低的Jaccard相似性系数显示出土壤纤毛虫群落分布的异质性具有区块特征.     

包囊游仆虫包囊形成和解脱过程中微管蛋白基因表达的变化

采用干涉相差显微术和实时荧光定量PCR(Q-PCR)技术显示,腹毛类纤毛虫包囊游仆虫(Euplotes encysticus)包囊形成和解脱过程中,细胞微管胞器始终处于非装配及装配的功能活动状态,脱包囊过程中伸缩泡的运动对细胞充分吸水用于微管胞器的再装配及细胞运动起了关键的作用,细胞内α-、β-和γ-微管蛋白基因的表达量相伴发生变化.其中,微管胞器去分化时,细胞形成毛基体非吸收型包囊,细胞α-、β-和γ-微管蛋白基因的表达量整体呈现逐渐减少的趋势,其细胞微管蛋白基因的相对表达量从大到小依次是β-、α-和γ-微管蛋白基因,但α-、β-微管蛋白基因的起始拷贝数远大于后一种微管蛋白基因的表达量;微管胞器再分化时,伴随着伸缩泡的剧烈伸缩运动,口纤毛器和体纤毛器微管先后形成,细胞在包囊内做旋转运动并脱囊而出,迅速转化为营养细胞,期间细胞内α-、β-和γ-微管蛋白基因的表达量呈现从小到大增加的趋势,其微管蛋白基因的相对表达量从大到小依次是β-、α-和γ-微管蛋白基因,而前两种微管蛋白基因的起始拷贝数远大于后一种微管蛋白基因的表达量.结果表明,包囊游仆虫形成包囊和脱包囊过程中,伴随着皮层微管胞器的不同分化,细胞内α-、β-和γ-微管蛋白基因始终处于不同的功能活动状态,其中作为微管组织中心主要组分的γ-微管蛋白也始终处于不同的功能状态.     

小腔游仆虫(Euplotes aediculatus)皮层微管胞器的荧光标记

应用荧光紫杉醇直接荧光标记和抗a-微管蛋白抗体免疫荧光标记,显示了纤毛虫小腔游仆虫(Euplotes aediculatus)皮层纤毛器微管、纤毛器基部附属微管和背皮层表面微管等结构,以及皮层纤毛器微管的形态发生.结果表明,该游仆虫背皮层表面网在形态上与嗜银网相一致,也是一种微管类细胞骨架;与其他几种游仆虫比较,前仔虫口纤毛器和背皮层纤毛器微管的形态发生存在不同的模式,其形态发生可能具有种的特异性,可以作为种的分类依据之一.此外,与FLUTAX(fluorescence taxoid)标记方法相比较,抗α-微管蛋白抗体免疫荧光标记能较清晰地显示游仆虫背皮层表面微管网及早期发生的额腹横棘毛原基和背触毛原基,推测该游仆虫的细胞背表面微管网与其他微管结构其微管蛋白组分可能存在差异,且形态发生中伴随着皮层纤毛器微管的组装和成熟,其微管蛋白组分同时也在不断发生变化.