中国主要红树科植物的分子系统发育

测定和分析了红树科（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｈｏｒａｃｅａｅ）５属６种植物的ｒＤＮＡＩＴＳ区序列，所构建的ＩＴＳ区分子系统树图表明：红树科植物可形成１个单系的类群．但在部分属种ＩＴＳ序列分析的结果与红树科传统的分类系统有所不同，陆生红树科植物竹节树属（Ｃａｒａｌｉａ）的竹节树（Ｃｂｒａｃｈｉａｔａ）和旁杞木（Ｃｐｅｃｔｉｎｉｆｏｌｉａ）之间的分子差异很大，呈复系演化的特征．旁杞木与红树林主要植物秋茄属（Ｋａｎｄｅｌｉａ）的秋茄（Ｋｃａｎｄｅｌ）和红树属（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｈｏｒａ）的红海榄（Ｒｓｔｙｌｏｓａ）的关系较近，竹节树则与另一红树林的主要种类角果木属（Ｃｅｒｉｏｐｓ）的角果木（Ｃｔａｇａｌ）呈姐妹群关系．     

基于16S rRNA序列的鳃金龟亚科5族种类的系统发育关系

测定了鳃金龟亚科部分种类的线粒体16SrRNA部分序列,运用MEGA 4.0、PAUP*4.0b10和MrBayes等软件,对5个族29个代表种的序列变异和系统关系进行了研究.序列变异分析结果显示:绢金龟族Sericini、哦鳃金龟族Hopliini、鳃金龟族Melolonthini的族内遗传距离分别为7.7%,11.3%,10.6%,族间遗传距离在12.6%～19.2%.最大似然树(ML)和贝叶斯树(BI)结果表明,所有种类分别聚集在所属的族下,哦鳃金龟族、绢金龟族分别为单系.齿爪鳃金龟属Holotrichia、云鳃金龟属Polyphylla、胸突鳃金龟属Hoplosternus、Hilyotrogus、双绺鳃金龟属Amphimallon、Hoplochelus、婆鳃金龟属Brahmina和皱鳃金龟属Trematodes聚在鳃金龟族分支下,没有形成明显的根鳃金龟族Rhizotrogini分支.齿爪鳃金龟属的非单系性与前人研究结果一致.皱鳃金龟属Trematodes和婆鳃金龟属Brahmina的代表种为姐妹种.绢金龟族的绢金龟属Serica和玛绢金龟属Maladera多数种类聚在本属分支下.证明16SrRNA序列可探讨鳃金龟亚科高级阶元的系统发育关系.     

核糖体蛋白S3表达减少对果蝇发育的影响

为探讨核糖体蛋白S3在果蝇（Drosophila）发育中的作用,采用RNAi法,分别在果蝇和果蝇s2细胞中干扰核糖体蛋白S3表达,观察对果蝇表型的影响。结果显示,减少核糖体蛋白S3表达引起果蝇幼虫发育延迟,眼睛、翅膀和刚毛生长缺陷等。进一步实验表明,在翅原基中有明显的凋亡信号;S2细胞数目减少;细胞凋亡和细胞周期相关基因表达异常。上述结果暗示核糖体蛋白s3丧达减少导致的果蝇发育改变可能通过细胞凋亡的方式来实现。     

Nucleolus DNA synthesis inVicia faba root-tip meristems

Summary Autoradiographs ofVicia faba lateral root-tip meristems were prepared following a 30 min pulse with³H-thymidine. 1/3 of all interphase nuclei in the meristem are labeled, most with a uniform distribution of silver grains. 2–5% of labeled nuclei show specific nucleolus DNA labeling.     

补虚化瘀法对产后抑郁低雌激素大鼠海马RSK1和MEK1的影响

目的：探讨补虚化瘀方药参归仁合剂对产后抑郁大鼠海马神经元内胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)通路的影响,测定P90核糖体S6激酶（RSK1）和丝裂原活化细胞外调节激酶1(MEK1)蛋白表达量。方法：56只雌性大鼠分为正常组,模型组,参归仁高、中、低剂量组（7,3.6,1.8 g·kg-1·d-1）,盐酸舍曲林组（4.5 mg·kg-1·d-1）、苯甲酸雌二醇组（10 μg·d-1）,除正常组外,其余各组均采用苯甲酸雌二醇和黄体酮造模,模拟产后抑郁状态。使用蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测其海马P-RSK1和P-MEK1的蛋白表达量。结果：与模型组比较,参归仁中剂量组和舍曲林组在海马组织中P-RSK1蛋白表达水平明显增加（P＜0.01）;与模型组比较,参归仁中剂量组、舍曲林组和苯甲酸雌二醇组在海马组织中P-MEK1蛋白表达水平明显增加（P＜0.01）。结论：参归仁合剂可增加海马组织中P-RSK1和P-MEK1蛋白表达量,且参归仁中剂量组效果显著,参归仁合剂可起到抗抑郁作用。     

A structural view of translation initiation in bacteria

The assembly of the protein synthesis machinery occurs during translation initiation. In bacteria, this process involves the binding of messenger RNA(mRNA) start site and fMet-tRNA^fMet to the ribosome, which results in the formation of the first codon-anticodon interaction and sets the reading frame for the decoding of the mRNA. This interaction takes place in the peptidyl site of the 30S ribosomal subunit and is controlled by the initiation factors IF1, IF2 and IF3 to form the 30S initiation complex. The binding of the 50S subunit and the ejection of the IFs mark the irreversible transition to the elongation phase. Visualization of these ligands on the ribosome has been achieved by cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography studies, which has helped to understand the mechanism of translation initiation at the molecular level. Conformational changes associated with different functional states provide a dynamic view of the initiation process and of its regulation. Received 16 July 2008; received after revision 31 August 2008; accepted 10 September 2008 A. Simonetti, S. Marzid: These authors contributed equally to this work.     

环境微生物的分子生物学研究方法

本文介绍了在环境微生物生态研究中的分子生物学方法如分子杂交，聚合链式扩增技术PC震，rRNA基因同源分析法，新型凝胶电泳技术，生物醌谱图法等和应用。这些技术的使用将大大扩展微生物生态学研究的空间，并使得在分子水平研究生态问题的机制成为可能。     

Isolation and identification of Sclerotinia stem rot causal pathogen in Arabidopsis thaliana

A new stem rot disease is found to occur naturally on Arabidopsis plants in greenhouses of Fuzhou, China. In order to identify its pathogen, we conducted a series of fungal isolation and purification, plant reinoculation, and ascus and ascospore induction from the sclerotia. The isolate caused typical water-soaked lesions after reinoculation and produced sclerotia both on Arabidopsis plants and culture medium plates, and the sclerotia could be induced to produce discal apothecia and 8 binucleate ascospores per ascus. These disease symptom and fungal morphology data revealed that the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum （Lib.） de Bary was the pathogen for Arabidopsis stem rot. To confirm this, we further amplified its large subunit ribosomal DNA （LSU rDNA） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, and compared the sequence with the known LSU rDNA sequences in GenBank. The results show that the sequence shares the highest identities with the LSU rDNAs of different S. sclerotiorum strains. Taking all these data together, we concluded that the fungus that caused the Arabidopsis stem rot is S. sclerotiorum （Lib.） de Bary. This is the first report that Arabidopsis is naturally infected by S. sclerotiorum.     

Molecular biological research on Foraminifera

ForaminiferabelongstoSarcodina(Protozoa)andexhibitscytoplasmicorganizationandpseudopdial streamingcharacteristicbroadlyofamoeboidorgan ism[1].Itmainlylivesinthemarineenvironment withamembranous,agglutinatedorcalcareousshell.Asoneofthemostimportantgroupsinmicropaleon tology,Foraminiferahasbeenwidelyusedforthe stratigraphicsubdivision,correlationinpetroleum wellsandforthereconstructionofpaleo environments duringthelastseveraldecades[2,3].Furthermore,sincethe1960swiththestartofDeepSeaDrilling …     

大熊猫核糖体蛋白L30亚基基因(RPL30)的cDNA克隆及序列分析

RPL30是核糖体大亚基60S的组成部分,由RPL30基因所编码,主要存在于真核生物中.根据已报道的部分哺乳动物核糖体蛋白L30亚基基因(RPL30)的相关信息设计引物,运用RT-PCR技术,以大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的肌肉组织为材料,成功地克隆了核糖体蛋白L30亚基RPL30基因,并对其进行了测序及初步分析.结果表明:大熊猫L30亚基基因的表达序列长为388bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为348 bp,编码115个氨基酸的蛋白质,并含有6个功能位点.进一步分析发现,该基因的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的人、牛、褐家鼠、小家鼠有很高的相似性,其表达序列同源性分别为93.97%,96.26%,89.66%和89.94%,其编码的氨基酸序列同源性分别为99.13%,98.26%,99.13%,99.13%,且其蛋白质的高级结构相似性也很高.