Mating behaviour and maternal care in the tropical savanna funnel-web spider Aglaoctenus lagotis Holmberg (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Despite their abundance and diversity, Neotropical spiders have been the subject of relatively few studies of behavioural ecology. The sexual behaviour and maternal care of the spider Aglaoctenus lagotis (Lycosidae) is described here. We performed experimental manipulations to test the hypothesis that males are attracted by female cues in the web. Two predictions were tested: (a) webs used by a virgin female will attract more males than webs used by an inseminated female; (b) the main cue in the web is chemical, so webs recently used by virgin females will attract more males than those that are not recently used. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that maternal care increases offspring survivorship. Results showed that males are attracted by recently used webs (z = 0.0015; p = 0.037; z-test) and webs of virgin females (z = 0.041; p = 0.036, z-test). Male sexual behaviour presented three different categories: court, pre-mate and mate. After the mating, the females built a cocoon that was transported adhered to the spinnerets and held by the last pair of legs. After the hatching of the eggs, the young migrated to the dorsal region of the mother's body for 5 days. During maternal care the mother eliminates a yellowish drop from its oral cavity, which is collected by the young. During the development of the young until adulthood, the offspring that have their mother present in the first stages of life have greater survival compared with those without maternal care. Our results make it possible to perform comparative analyses between a South American Lycosidae species and other species distributed worldwide.     

二尖瓣疾病的超声脉冲多普勒诊断

用脉冲多普勒超声心动图对10例正常人和20例二尖瓣疾病患者作了检查,并对两种情况下二尖瓣日的血流频谱参数作了分析。在这些病人中,男8例,女12例。平均年龄32岁(年龄范围5—52岁)。手术证实18例风心病,2例先心病,脉冲多普勒检查结果与手术结果基本一致,对正常和有病变的二尖瓣口血流频谱作的分析和比较表明:二尖瓣狭窄和二尖瓣返流频谱不仅其频谱形态可与正常人区别,而且它们的各项参数如峰值速度、血流加速度和减速度等均有明显差异。总之,超声脉冲多普勒心动图诊断二尖瓣狭窄和关闭不全是准确可靠的,这种技术比M型和B型具有更多的优点。     

主动脉瓣膜泵的回流

为了研究主动脉瓣膜泵的回流，将血泵内的叶轮换成圆柱体，使血泵失去泵血的作用，从而进行回流测试．测试中，血泵分别以15000r／min，17500r／min和20000r／min的转速旋转，出口与进口之间的压力差由一个离心泵提供，用流量计测出从瓣膜泵出口经定、转子间气隙到进口的回流．试验结果表明气隙和压差对回流有明显影响：增大气隙或增大压差都会导致回流的增加．当气隙为0．20mm，进出口压差为13．3kPa时，瓣膜泵的回流为0．6—0．8L/min．回流随时间变化的曲线图表明，在自然心脏舒张期回流产生一个波峰，而在收缩期产生一个波谷．瓣膜泵的转速对回流无明显影响，当转速增大时回流只有略微的下降．     

A method of obtaining dietary data for slow worms (Anguis fragilis) by means of non‐harmful cooling and results from a Danish population

Diet composition of slow worms (Anguis fragilis) from a Danish population was recorded from May to September 2006. Slow worms were maintained in cool conditions (at 8°C) for a maximum of 126 h, which made approximately half of the animals regurgitate. The method worked equally well on juveniles and adults. The regurgitations revealed that the slow worms preyed on small snails, slugs, pill millipedes (Glomeris marginata), earthworms and Lepidoptera larvae. There were seasonal changes in taxon composition of the diet but no ontogenetic or sex‐related differences. The food quality of selected prey types was tested on juveniles in a laboratory experiment. Mealworms gave a significantly lower gain in mass and snout–vent length than slugs, earthworms and a mix of all three prey types. A supplementary experiment revealed that slow worms from the present population completely rejected mealworms as prey. Earthworms seemed to be nutritionally inferior to molluscs.     

心动图返流束特征提取及表示方法

将图象处理和信号处理的相关理论和方法用于动态彩色超声心动图影象分析,提出了一种返流束分割和特征提取表示的方法,该方法利用Ｈｏｕｇｈ变换、坐标映射及其他信号处理方法完成背景空腔的分割,并从血流显像的彩色特性和几何特性出发,用模糊聚类的方法得到了返流束分割。还对血流进行后处理和表示方法进行了研究。实验结果表明了本提出的方法是有效的,其结果对于临床医学也很有意义。