影响护栏防护性能的相关因素研究

采用计算机仿真的手段，运用有限元仿真软件LS-DYNA建立了圆柱形立柱形式的波形梁护栏的有限元模型，护栏的材料采用的是钢材，护栏板与立柱之间通过螺栓连接，基于这个模型，本文对轿车与护栏碰撞过程中影响护栏防护性能的摩擦系数以及护栏板与立柱之间的连接性能进行了研究，结果发现，通过减小摩擦力以及改变护栏板与立柱之间螺栓连接的临界失效载荷，可以提高事故中护栏对乘员的保护能力。     

Some Problems of Rails For High-speed Railway of China

Acciording to running experience of high-speed railway abroad,a full attention must be paid to some requirements of specifica-tion of rails for high-speed railway,such as materil mechanical properties,rimension tolernces,straightness,surface flatness and so on.It is suggested that the long-length rails should be laid in high-speed railway,and the feasibility of producing,welding and transporting of long-length rails should be researched.On the basis of technical innovation of domestic manufacturers,it is practicable to lay 50-100mlong-length rails should be researched.On the basis of producing,welding and transporting of long-length homemade rails in high-speed railway of China.The following welding programme of rails for hiah-speed railway can be adiop-ted:50-100m long-lenath rails can be welded as 500m long rail string through flash butt welding in plant,then in field the reid string can be welded through a mobile flash butt welding or thermit welding.As the specification of rails or high-seed railway is rigorous.some related techniques to long-length rails should be researched and practised as soon as possible,including mobile flash butt welding tech-nique,transporting and reinforcing techniques of lon-length rails,etc…     

组合式钢轨抗滑桩应力状态的数值模拟

针对平庄西露天煤矿非工作帮３４００－３６００剖面间中部５００站边坡潜在滑落区具体工程地质条件，采用平面有限元法对组合式钢轨抗滑桩及其围岩进行了应力和位移分析，客观地反映了组合式钢轨抗滑桩所受围岩应力的分布状态和规律，为桩体结构设计和强度校核、稳定性校核、单桩抗滑力的确定提供了充分的理论依据。提出了组合式钢轨抗滑桩设计计算的一种新方法     

铁路大站段无缝线路管理模式探讨

从管理人员的职责、管理制度和管理标准3方面探讨了了铁路大站段无缝线路的管理模式。     

朔黄铁路庄里滹沱河大桥桥面无缝线路设计研究

基于有限元分析软件,以朔黄铁路庄里滹沱河大桥桥面无缝线路设计为例,用两种设计方法对线路的钢轨强度、稳定性、断缝值等进行检算,以便判断是否可以取消既有的伸缩调节器。结果表明:无缝线路桥上连续梁钢轨最大伸缩附加力位于5号墩处;全桥采用常阻力扣件,不设钢轨伸缩调节器,钢轨强度检算的应力超过钢轨容许应力;桥上部分地段铺设小阻力扣件,其强度、稳定性以及断缝的检算均符合要求,即既有桥上钢轨伸缩调节器可以取消。     

小半径曲线钢轨防外倾装置的研制及应用

对石太线线路设备病害现状进行了调查分析,阐述了小半径曲线钢轨防外倾装置研制的原则、方案及改进与应用情况。     

Improved Roberts operator for detecting surface defects of heavy rails with superior precision and efficiency

An experimental platform accompanying with the improved Roberts algorithm has been developed to achieve accurate and real-time edge detection of surface defects on heavy rails.Detection results of scratching defects show that the improved Roberts operator can attain accurate positioning to defect contour and get complete edge information.Meanwhile,a decreasing amount of interference noises as well as more precise characteristic parameters of the extracted defects can also be confirmed for the improved algorithm.Furthermore,the BP neural network adopted for defects classification with the improved Roberts operator can obtain the target training precision with 98 iterative steps and time of 2s while that of traditional Roberts operator is 118 steps and 4s.Finally,an enhanced defects identification rate of 13.33%has also been confirmed after the Roberts operator is improved.The proposed detecting platform will be positive in producing high-quality heavy rails and guaranteeing the national transportation safety.     

串联增强型四极轨道发射器电磁推力仿真

为实现用更小的导轨电流弹射大质量抛体,基于四极电磁轨道发射器提出了串联增强型四极电磁轨道发射方案,分别建立了增强型发射器的主、副导轨产生电磁推力的数学模型,对电磁推力的特性分别进行了仿真研究,根据预设电磁推力的大小确定了导轨层数的公式,并对传统型和增强型发射器的弹射过程进行了建模仿真。仿真结果表明:增强型发射器的电磁推力在更低的位置能趋近最大值,当大质量的抛体弹射速度相同时,增强型发射器的导轨电流小于传统型发射器导轨电流的60%。     

地基土体对货车与波形梁护栏碰撞效应的影响

公路上正常行驶的车辆一旦操纵失控,安装在路侧的护栏就显得极为重要,可避免车辆直接冲出道路发生致命危险。波形梁护栏是最常见的一种被动防护装置,可有效抵御车辆施加的碰撞荷载。依据常规的设计思路,这种护栏可以利用波形梁板、防阻块和立柱的变形来吸收汽车碰撞所产生的能量。但与实际情况不同的是,在这一过程中忽略了地基土体对碰撞过程可能产生的影响。本文通过分别建立不考虑和考虑地基约束作用的碰撞计算模型来研究土体的贡献。在模拟过程中,分别观测货车的运行轨迹、护栏的变形和土体的变形。此外,也分析了不同部件对碰撞能量的吸收比率。与立柱接触区毗邻的土体因受冲击荷载影响,可能发生剪切失效。整个护栏系统中超过10%的系统能量实际上是由土体吸收的,常用的简化固定基模型跟实际情况有一定的出入。     

基于预变形控制理论的汽车前纵梁仿真设计

研究了汽车普通前纵直梁的变形方式和吸能特点,针对其在碰撞过程中加速度曲线的不足,依据预变形理论,对薄壁直梁进行了改进,并通过有限元软件验证了改进方案的合理性,该方案有利于乘员保护．