线粒体蛋白组研究进展

线粒体蛋白组是指在线粒体中出现的所有蛋白质的集合,包括线粒体自身基因组编码的和 由核基因组编码的蛋白质.线粒体作为真核生物的重要细胞器,它参与去除氧化、产生能量和还原 性物质等等一些重要的生命活动过程.这些功能都依赖于线粒体蛋白组中的蛋白河的相互作用.要 对其有一个较为全面的认识,就必须对其蛋白组进行广泛且深入的研究.根据现有的一些研究成 果,对线粒体蛋白组在起源与进化、跨膜运输、研究方法和计算机预测作了简要综述.     

优化提取与分离海兔大脑神经节蛋白质组

蓝斑背肛海兔（Notarcus Leachii cirrosus Stimpson，NLCS）属于海洋软体动物．NLCS大脑神经节（cerebral ganglion，CG）富含高丰度的脂类物质，并干扰了三氯醋酸-丙酮法沉淀CG蛋白质．本实验的目的是找到一种适合提取、分离海兔CG蛋白的方法．经各种实验方法对比后，发现超速离心法能有效分离CG破碎液中的脂类化合物，提高双向凝胶电泳法分离BG蛋白质组的分辨率，大约可检测到450个蛋白质点．     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌蛋白质组研究进展

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌在生物湿法冶金中具有广泛的应用前景.随着At.f菌分离与鉴定技术和基因组研究的深入,At.f菌的研究已进入蛋白质组水平.本文较详细地归纳总结了嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌蛋白质组研究的最新进展,指出了未来的发展方向.     

Sequence similarity analysis of non-self CTL epitopes and mouse proteins using sequence alignment

This research analyzed amino acid sequence similarity between non-self T cell epitopes recognized by mouse antibodies and mouse proteins. Using sequence alignment,we found that only 8 of 1 108 epitopes are highly similar to mouse protein sequences. The result shows that non-self T cell epitopes are not similar or have little similarity to mouse protein sequences. Furthermore,reviewing the related literature,we also found that the eight epitopes would trigger immune responses in some particular environment,which are ignored by T cells in normal condition. The result suggests that no or low-similarity peptide vaccines can reduce the chance of collateral cross-reactions and enhance the antigen-specific immune response to vaccine.     

A proteomic analysis of bacterial strain<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sinorhizobium fredii</Emphasis> RT19 subjected to salt shock

Sinorhizobium fredii RT19, a strain of freeliving bacteria, was subjected to salt shock and its protein expression profiles were analyzed by differential display proteome approaches. The results of separation by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) showed that the number of resolved proteins was 481, 465 and 424, corresponding to salt-free control, 5 and 50 min 1 mol/L salt treatment, respectively. Among the resolved proteins, 82 in total had altered expression in response to salt-shock stress. 26 out of the 82 proteins were induced and 23 were completely inhibited, while 12 were up-regulated and 21 down-regulated in response to salt shock. In addition, the appearance of differentially displayed proteins responding to different salt shock periods is also reported. The identity of the 26 induced proteins was revealed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) followed by database searching. Among them, 20 were assigned to proteins with known functions. Their roles in response to salt shock stress are discussed.     

结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株与耐异烟肼菌株间细胞壁蛋白质组双向电泳图谱比较

利用双向电泳技术可以对体外培养的结核分枝杆菌非耐药型菌株和耐药型菌株进行细胞壁蛋白质组学比较,寻找与耐药相关的蛋白质．结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株与耐异烟肼菌株在Middlebrook 7H9 Broth培养基中37℃摇床培养1个月后,从培养物中提取结核分枝杆菌细胞壁蛋白．以pH4～7的IPG预制胶条为第一向等电聚焦,以SDS-PAGE为双向电泳第二向,经过银氨染色,图像扫描后,利用软件分析处理图像．在结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株和耐异烟肼菌株的细胞壁蛋白质凝胶图谱中分别检测出499和582个蛋白质斑点．它们的蛋白质分子质量分布基本相似,其中有102个斑点差异显著．这为研究耐异烟肼菌株的耐药机制提供了蛋白质组学方面的信息．     

Human mitochondrial tRNAs in health and disease

The human mitochondrial genome encodes 13 proteins, all subunits of the respiratory chain complexes and thus involved in energy metabolism. These genes are translated by 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), also encoded by the mitochondrial genome, which form the minimal set required for reading all codons. Human mitochondrial tRNAs gained interest with the rapid discovery of correlations between point mutations in their genes and various neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, emerging fundamental knowledge on the structure/function relationships of these particular tRNAs and an overview of the large variety of mechanisms within translation, affected by mutations, are summarized. Also, initial results on wide-ranging molecular consequences of mutations outside the frame of mitochondrial translation are highlighted. While knowledge of mitochondrial tRNAs in both health and disease increases, deciphering the intricate network of events leading different genotypes to the variety of phenotypes requires further investigation using adapted model systems.Received 3 December 2002; received after revision 14 January 2003; accepted 27 January 2003     

肝癌细胞株HepG-2的G1期细胞蛋白质组双向电泳图谱的建立

采用双向电泳分离肝癌细胞株 HepG2 的 G1 期细胞的蛋白质,经考马斯亮蓝染色及图像扫描与分析显示:在 pH3-10,13 cm 的 IPG 胶条上,可分离到 227 个重复性及分辨率均较好的蛋白斑点,蛋白斑点的匹配率为 84%.建立了 HepG2 的G1 期细胞蛋白质组双向电泳图谱,为其蛋白质组学的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

玉米大斑病菌StNPS6基因缺失突变体的转录组与蛋白质组差异表达分析

用T-DNA插入法构建一个玉米大斑病菌突变体库, 并筛选到一株致病力明显下降的突变体. 该突变体T DNA插入位点为非核糖体肽合成酶基因6（StNPS6基因）的上游启动子区. 先敲除StNPS6基因, 再对StNPS6基因敲除突变体和野生型进行转录组差异表达分析及蛋白质组差异表达分析. 结果表明: 在1 767个差异表达基因中的上调表达基因903个, 下调表达基因864个; 在突变体中鉴定30个差异表达蛋白质中的上调表达蛋白质8个, 下调表达蛋白质22个.     

两种胰蛋白酶酶解羊肌肉总蛋白样品的质谱分析

摘要: 目的比较国产和进口两种胰蛋白酶对蛋白质的酶解效果,为后续蛋白质组学稳定研究提供依据。方法用超声破碎法提取羊肌肉组织总蛋白,经两种胰蛋白酶酶解后液相色谱串联质谱检测酶解肽段,将结果上传蛋白质序列数据库,利用质谱分析鉴定方法分析比较两种胰蛋白酶的酶解效果,并借助生物信息学工具对所得数据进行分析。结果两种胰蛋白酶酶解同种蛋白质样品产生的肽段长度86%以上均为6-18 个氨基酸,适用于质谱检测。酶解后肽段产生的质量国产胰蛋白酶优于进口胰蛋白酶,国产胰蛋白酶比进口胰酶酶解可多鉴定到19% 的蛋白质和34%的肽段。结论进口、国产的胰蛋白酶在酶解蛋白质方面均可用于质谱检测前蛋白质的酶解消化。但国产胰蛋白酶价格明显低于进口胰酶,更具应用优势。本研究为评价胰蛋白酶酶解效果提供了一种有效、全面的研究方法。