政府采购政策带动国内企业自主创新的积极性——兼述《关于实施〈国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年)〉的若干配套政策》实施进展

政府采购是促进我国自主创新的一项重要政策o《国家中长期科学与技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年)》(以下简称《纲要》)提出,要"实施促进自主创新的政府采购"。有关部委出台了多项实施细财和配套文件,形成了较完整的自主创新产品政府采购政策体系。地方政府也积极开展政府采购实践,较好地带动了国内企业自主创新的积极性。本文就《纲要》颁布以来,我国政府采购政策体系建设取得的进展与成效,以及领域专家提出的有关建议进行了综合报道。     

Modeling eBay price using stochastic differential equations

Online auctions have become increasingly popular in recent years. There is a growing body of research on this topic, whereas modeling online auction price curves constitutes one of the most interesting problems. Most research treats price curves as deterministic functions, which ignores the random effects of external and internal factors. To account for the randomness, a more realistic model using stochastic differential equations is proposed in this paper. The online auction price is modeled by a stochastic differential equation in which the deterministic part is equivalent to the second‐order differential equation model proposed in Wang et al. (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2008, 103, 1100–1118). The model also includes a component representing the measurement errors. Explicit expressions for the likelihood function are also obtained, from which statistical inference can be conducted. Forecast accuracy of the proposed model is compared with the ODE (ordinary differential equation) approach. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs better.     

WTO《政府采购协议》及其对我国的影响

我国政府采购市场面临着对外开放的必然要求。作为WTO的成员国，无论从理论还是发展趋势看，都应当按照WTO《政府采购协议》建立系统的政府采购制度，以适应国际大市场和国内财政资金管理的要求。     

网络环境下采购管理系统的开发

网络采购从根本上改变了企业采购模式和采购流程。采购管理系统获得企业ERP系统产生的采购计划，建立采购订单，通过网络及时与合适供应商建立联系。企业提高了采购效率，降低了采购成本。着重分析了采购的基本流程，建立了网络采购的模型和采购数据库实体关系图，采用ADO和ASP技术实现了基于SQL2000数据库的采购管理系统。     

基于微观经济学方法的网格资源分配管理模型

提出了一种基于微观经济学方法的网格资源分配管理模型,采用分布自治原则由众多的网格域构成整个网格系统.系统根据用户作业请求发出投标信息,各网格域参考投标信息及自身资源使用情况利用PSP拍卖机制确定中标者,最后系统从中标信息中选择费用最低的完成任务,以一定的周期运用微观经济学供需均衡原理动态调整资源价格,并给出了价格调整算法.相对于别的网格资源管理系统,本模型提出的资源管理方案在管理上比较简单,系统不必掌握全局资源信息,可扩展性较强,易于实现,并且通过引入竞标机制解决了资源提供者的报酬问题.     

多回合组合双向拍卖交易机制研究

以组合双向拍卖分析为基础,建立了相关的数学模型,分别对单一回合和多个回合的组合双向拍卖交易机制进行了研究,证明多回合组合双向拍卖能更大地提高社会福利,也为进一步研究组合双向拍卖的市场效率、竞争均衡、竞标策略和计算机的模拟实验等问题提供了基础.     

基于期权采购的政企联合储备应急物资模型

政企联合储备应急物资能够有效地改善政府单独储备物资所面临的储备过量或不足的困境,而通过市场化的契约机制实现政企联合储备可以克服行政强制手段带来的弊端.基于此,本文建立了基于期权采购的政企联合储备应急物资模型,通过推导获得政企双方的最优决策后,给出了企业参与联合储备的条件,以及在不同的现货市场条件下,与政府单独储备模式相比,政企联合储备模式能够提高物资总储备量且降低政府库存水平时契约参数的取值范围.在此基础上,本文给出了供应链达到协调以及政企双方实现合作共赢时的条件.最后,本文通过数值模拟对上述结论进行了验证,并进一步研究物资需求量不确定性对两种储备模式的影响,结果表明随着需求量不确定性的增加,与政府单独储备模式相比,政企联合储备模式的优势越发明显.     

一种无线单频谱安全拍卖算法

由于电子拍卖自身的高效性和公正性,因此基于无线频谱分配的拍卖机制应运而生,且满足了人们日益增长的无线通信服务需求。而安全的频谱拍卖算法是保证无线频谱拍卖机制安全运行的重要保障。通过分析无线频谱分配的算法特点和其所确保的安全需求,提出了一种无线单频谱安全拍卖算法。该算法结合无线频谱分配的拍卖特点与密码学机制来确保拍卖过程中信息的安全,并正确选出拍卖赢家,以及计算出赢家所需要支付的频谱拍卖价格。分析证明了算法具有较高的安全性。     

Optimal policy with a total order quantity commitment contract in the presence of a spot market

In this paper,the optimal policy is considered when the buyer faces two supply sources:one is the contract supplier from which the buyer orders over a specific contract period(say,a year) at a pre-agreed price,and the other is the spot market.However,when ordering from the contract supplier,the buyer must fulfill a pre-determined total order quantity,or the so-called definite total order quantity commitment,over the whole contract period.In other words,the commitment secures the buyer a fixed price but obliges him/her a total order quantity over the contract period.Although the spot market gives the buyer more flexibility in terms of order quantities,its prices are volatile.Such a combination of contract and spot procurements is often observed in practice.Within the contract period,there are multiple sub-periods,during each of which the buyer reviews the inventory,issues an individual order,and uses the on-hand inventory to meet the random demand.Thus,in each(ordering) period,the buyer will weigh between the current known spot price(by procuring from the spot market) and a lower future price(by waiting while consuming the remaining commitment).An optimal dual ordering policy is characterized for each period,depending on the on-hand inventory level,the spot price,and the remaining commitment quantity.The optimal policy in each period is also shown to be independent of the contract price.Through a numerical study,the inventory cost is demonstrated to be(1) insensitive to the contract price when the total commitment quantity is lower than the total expected demand over the contract period and(2) non-increasing in the variability of spot prices.     

中国药品集中采购政策解读与实证分析

2018年底伊始的国家药品集中采购迄今为止已实施三轮,共涉及112个品种,预计每年约可节省医保药品支出539亿元.对三轮集中采购规则进行解读和实证分析,发现:选区规则对竞价结果具有显著性影响;熔断机制理论上会受到成本因素约束,实践中仍发挥了一定效果.国家药品集中采购促进了中国医药市场基于质量和成本的竞争,推动行业集中度...