河南灵长类动物地史分布初探

本文对河南省灵长类动物的地史分布以及影响灵长类动物分布的主要因素进行了初步探讨,并对现生灵长类资源的保护提出了建设性意见。     

灵长动物行为与生态学的研究现状与进展(五):营养生态学

在灵长动物的研究史中,取食行为的研究始终占有中心的位置。灵长动物所需要的营养物质包括碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、矿物质和水等几大类。前三类通常被称为大营养物(macronutrient),动物的生长和发育对其需求比较大,而矿物质和维生素通常被称为微量营养物(micronutrient),其本身不用于产生能量,却参与不计其数的生理过程。除了少数例外,灵长动物的能量和营养需求大部分来自于植物。     

实验动物在神经科学领域中的应用

摘要: 实验动物学是生命科学和医学发展的重要基础。神经科学的各项研究也都是建立在动物实验的基础之上。近年来,随着实验动物资源的丰富和生物学特性的挖掘,越来越多的实验动物可供进行神经科学的研究。结合当前神经科学的研究前沿,我们选取了一些不同层次、各具特点的实验动物作一总结,为实验动物在神经科学领域的应用和推广前景进行分析与展望。     

人类行为习性演化痕迹

采用比较分析的方法,根据同源理论,将人类的某些行为习性与相应动物的行为进行比较,尤其是与灵长类动物的行为进行比较,来探索人类行为习性的原始特征和演化痕迹.     

Role of Nef in primate lentiviral immunopathogenesis

More than a decade ago it was established that intact nef genes are critical for efficient viral persistence and greatly accelerate disease progression in SIVmac-infected rhesus macaques and in HIV-1-infected humans. Subsequent studies established a striking number of Nef functions that evidently contribute to the maintenance of high viral loads associated with the development of immunodeficiency in the 'evolutionary-recent' human and the experimental macaque hosts. Recent data show that many Nef activities are conserved across different lineages of HIV and SIV. However, some differences also exist. For example, Nef alleles from most SIVs that do not cause disease in their natural monkey hosts, but not those of HIV-1 and its simian precursors, down-modulate TCR-CD3 to suppress T cell activation and programmed death. This evolutionary loss of a specific Nef function may contribute to the high virulence of HIV-1 in humans.     

Episodic evolution of prolactin gene in primates

In the present study, we obtained exon 2--5 of prolactin (PRL) gene from four primate species by PCR and sequencing. Adding other genes available in GenBank, we calculate amino acid substitution rates for prolactin gene in primate. Comparison of nonsynonymous substitution rate to synonymous substitution rate ratios shows no evidence of positive selection for any lineage of primate prolactin gene.According to this and the facts that (i) no sites under positive selection are inferred by using maximum-likelihood method;(ii) among 32 amino acid replacement that occurred along the rapid evolutionary phase, only two are included in the 40 functionally important residues, indicating that amino acid replacement tends to occur in those functionally unimportant residues; (iii) partial of prolactin function is replaced by placental lactogen in primate at the rapid evolutionary phase of prolactin gene, we thus deem that it is relaxation of purifying selection to some extent rather than positive selection that enforces the rapid evolution of primate prolactin gene.     

倭蜂猴生态学研究现状*

倭蜂猴是一种学界知之甚少的灵长类动物,主要分布在越南、老挝、柬埔寨东部和中国云南南部,在中国被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,属于云南省极小种群之一。21世纪初以来,中国倭蜂猴种群数量锐减,目前急需开展保护工作。笔者对倭蜂猴的形态、分布、种群数量调查、食性、繁殖、栖息位点的选择和范围、生理生态等生态学资料进行了整理。在此基础上,总结倭蜂猴的生态学特性,阐明其科学意义,并简要探讨目前倭蜂猴研究热点及前景。     

贵州野生灵长类动物调查报告

本文记述了贵州省现有野生灵长类动物资源种类、活动、分布和种群数量。     

太行山及华北地区灵长类地理分布初探

通过近年对太行山猕猴的调查,参考古籍史料及古生物资料,证明太行山及华北地区的猕猴是原来就有的,属历史自然分布。此外,本文还就该区域内猕猴地理分布特征,生存繁殖条件及演变发展的趋势进行了初步探讨。