含氟废水处理研究与应用

本文就近年来国内对含氟废水处理研究及应用概况作了简要综述，可看出含氟废水处理的研究有了较大进展。     

隔山消对釉质龋再矿化的影响

目的:观察隔山消水提物处理牙釉质龋后的表面形态.方法:利用扫描电镜观察隔山消水提物、五倍子水提物、氟化钠、去离子水处理人工釉质龋后脱矿釉质表面沉积物的再矿化效果.结果:经隔山消组处理后的釉质块表面有紧密均匀的结晶区,五倍予处理后的釉质块有明显的结晶颗粒,氟化钠有紧密均匀的矿物沉淀,去离子水处理的釉质表面成疏松状结构.结论:隔山消水提物有再矿化作用,五倍子的再矿化作用强于隔山消.     

炭黑／结晶性含氟树脂合金在自控温加热电缆中应用

选择了结晶性含氟树脂添加改性剂为树脂基体，与炭黑制居复合导电体系。通过这个对体系不同条件下ＰＴＣ特性的研究，对其配方与加工工艺进行优化。并利用扫描电镜，Ｘ射线衍射，ＤＳＣ等分析测试手段，对体系的各种开矿结构进行了研究，阐明了该导电复合体系的形态结构与性能的关系。     

用氟化镧膜选择性电池测定水中氟化物的研究

提出了用氟化镧单晶膜作为敏感接点组成氟选择性电池测定水中氟化物的方法。建立了测定氟化物的实验条件 ;确定氟离子浓度的测定范围为 0 2～ 10 0mg·L- 1 ,相对误差小于 3% ,结果表明 ,此方法简便、实用、快速并能满足准确度要求 ,这种测定水中氟化物的方法 ,是一种值得推荐的好方法     

水城茨冲地方性氟病与氟环境地球化学关系

分析了茨冲地方性氟病不同地球化学环境中氟的分布，迁移转化，认为地区的高氟燃烧煤污染和富氟岩土，是导致该区产生地方性氟病的分质原因。     

聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）/聚己内酯（PCL）共混体系的晶体结构和形貌

使用偏光显微镜（POM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试手段,研究了PVDF/PCL共混体系在不同配比和结晶温度下晶型结构、球晶和片晶形貌的变化规律。结果表明：PVDF在低温下形成α型球晶,在高温下形成γ型球晶;两种不同晶型的球晶尺寸均随着结晶温度的升高而增大;α型PVDF环带球晶的环带间距随着体系内PCL含量的增多而增大。此外,共混体系内γ型PVDF球晶的含量也随着PCL含量的增大而增大。     

Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

硫酸预活化测定痕量氟的离子选择性电极法

研究了一种在0.5 mol/L的硫酸介质中先活化氟离子选择性电极,然后再在含有硫酸总离子强度调节混合溶液(TISAM)介质中测定痕量氟的方法.该方法线性范围为1.00×10-2~1.00×10-7mol/L,检出限为1.9μg/L,应用到绿茶饮料、水、牛奶中痕量氟的测定,结果令人满意.     

POSFET压电传感器结构参数与特性的研究

本文分析了ＰＯＳＦＥＴ压电传感器的结构参数与特性。理论分析表明ＰＶＤＦ薄膜的声学灵敏度与膜的厚度和膜的弹性刚性系数成正比。实验结果显示，ＰＯＳＦＥＴ传感器的输出峰值随扩展栅面积的增加而增大，随沟道长度的减小而增大。ＰＯＳＦＥＴ传感器的灵敏度比之ＰＶＤＦ直接粘贴硅背衬传感结构提高了２０ｄＢ。