涤纶的酶法改性研究进展

从涤纶纤维自身的特性和其改性研究的现状、理想的涤纶表面改性应满足的要求以及酶在纺织工业中的应用现状等方面出发,综述了涤纶纤维及其织物酶法改性的背景和国内外研究现状,介绍了涤纶酶法改性研究中所用的酶以及酶的筛选方法,探讨了涤纶酶法改性研究中存在的若干问题,并对涤纶酶法改性的前景做了展望.     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的开发

以废聚酯(瓶)为原料,研究了废聚酯瓶料醇解成芳香族聚酯多元醇的工艺。探讨了聚酯多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂及催化剂等原料对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备的影响。     

道路标线涂料的正交试验研究

以苯乙烯为反应性溶剂，废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、不饱和聚酯树脂为主要原料制备道路标线涂料，通过正交试验确定了涂料的最佳配比。制备的道路标线涂料具有施工方便、涂膜厚度适当、附着力强、气候适应性强等特点。并通过电镜分析对涂膜的微观结构进行了初步探讨。     

Atmospheric-pressure Air Plasma Treatment of Polyester Fabrics for Inkjet Printing with Pigment Inks

Without any preprocessing,polyester fabric has lower ability to hold on water and inks due to the smooth morphology of polyester fibers. Therefore, patterns directly printed with pigment inks have poor color yields and bleed easily. Pretreatments of polyester fabric were carried out with atmospheric air plasma under different experimental conditions. After plasma treatment the samples were printed with magenta pigment ink. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyse...     

抗蚀聚酯环氧丝网印刷涂料的研制

以三羟甲基丙烷、间苯二甲酸、Cardura E10(E10)为原料合成聚酯树脂,探讨E10对聚酯树脂性能的影响;通过聚酯树脂、环氧树脂和氨基树脂制备丝网印刷涂料,研究环氧树脂用量和品种、功能性助剂对丝网印刷涂料性能的影响.工艺条件为m(E-44)/m(E-51)=2.33-4,w(H-201)=0.15%-0.2%,w(有机膨润土)=2.0%-4.0%,w(对甲苯磺酸)=3.0%-3.5%时,丝网印刷涂料150℃下烘干300 s,硬度为3 H,耐5%的HCl、H2SO4、NaOH和NaCl溶液7 d涂层不起泡、不脱落.     

氯桥酸酐合成自熄性防腐聚酯树脂的研究

研究了氯桥酸酐、顺丁烯二酸酐、乙二醇、二丙二醇和苯乙烯等为原料制备防腐阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂的工艺条件.结果表明,氯桥酸酐配比可达50%以上,反应温度160~180℃,反应时间20 h,催化剂量为0.1%~0.25%.以过氧化苯甲酰为固化剂,于50~60℃固化45 h,80~9℃固化20 h,获得性能优良的树脂,当其氯含量大于20%时,具有较强的阻燃能力.该树脂在多种强腐蚀介质中相当稳定,特别适用于含湿氯气等强腐蚀性场所防腐.     

THE INFLUENCE OF DRAWING CONDITIONS OF PET POY ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY OF THE FIBER

Drawing tests upon PET POY have been made by using dynamic thermal stress analyser,which show that the dynamic thermal stress of fiber is readily affected by drawing conditions. Aseries of samples have been obtained under different drawing velocities, drawing temperatures anddraw ratios. The variations of structural factors of fiber such as the orientation, crystallinity,crystallite size and the thermal shrinkage have been measured. It is proved through experimentsthat the thermal shrinkage(Y) of the drawn fiber of PET POY is influenced by the orientation (rep-resented by sonic velocity x_1) and crystallinity (x_2) of the fiber. The quantitative relationship is es-tablished using the binary regression method: Y=10.2246+2.2030x_1-26.2670x_2 The mechanical properties such as tenacity, elongation, yield stress, initial modulus and the te-nacity at 10% elongation, etc. have also been measured. The relations between the tenacity at 10%elongation (D) and drawing velocity(V), draw ratio (DR), drawing temperature (T), and sonic ve-locity and crystallinity have been obtained using a method of mathematical statistics: D=4.594-0.009 6V , D=-8.937+7.170DR, D=2.866+0.00629T, D=-7.34+2.866x_1+6.314x_2 These equations fit well with data from the experiments. This work will be benefical to the control of quality of products and the development of newproducts.     

PET纤维结晶度和晶粒大小的研究

大角X射线衍射法估算纤维的结晶度和晶粒表现尺寸时,一般采用的方法是把归一化的衍射强度曲线分解为一个以多项式表示的非晶部分散射曲线及几个以高斯函数和柯西函数组合起来表示的结晶峰;分峰之后,试样的结晶度一般用峰面积结晶度即解析峰下面经归一化的散射对未经解析而归一化的曲线下的总散射的面积比率求得.结晶表现尺寸从相应的结晶峰半高宽求得.但上述的分峰方法得不到分峰结果的唯一解.本研究工作采纳前人提出的PET结晶样品X射线衍射强度曲线所包含的非晶部分曲线的一系列理论和经验的假设,作为物理制约条件,进而与数学上的满足条件相结合,在进行分峰时,可以解出数学上符合δ<3%的精度、物理意义上符合客观存在的解.并通过对PET纤维的研究,对上述方法作了证实.     

聚乙交酯及聚乙丙交酯的结晶行为研究

本文用DSC法对聚乙交酯(PGA)和乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物(PGLA)熔体的冷却结晶和等温结晶过程作了研究,揭示了结晶行为随聚合物组成变化的规律。在熔体冷却结晶过程中,结晶温度、结晶速率和结晶热随着PGLA中LA含量的增加而降低。在熔体等温结晶过程中,PGLA2(GA∶LA=90∶10)和PGLA3(GA∶LA=95∶5)的Avrami指数分别为1.92和2.16。PGLA2在168℃的结晶速率为0.050min~(-1),PGLA3在171℃的结晶速率为0.033min~(-1)。用x-射线衍射法测出了它们的结晶度和微晶尺寸,PGA和PGLA2的结晶度分别为39.6％和34.6％。研究结果为PGA及PGLA的纺丝及后加工工艺的选择提供了依据。