Antizyme inhibitor: mysterious modulator of cell proliferation

In contrast to the considerable interest in the oncogene ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and in the family of antizymes with regard to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, the endogenous antizyme inhibitor (AZI) has been less well studied. AZI is highly homologous to the enzyme ODC but does not possess any decarboxylase activity. Elevated ODC activity is associated with most forms of human malignancies. Antizymes bind ODC, inhibit ODC activity and promote the ubiquitin-independent degradation of ODC. Consequently they are proposed as tumor suppressors. In particular, the most studied member of the antizyme family, antizyme 1, has been demonstrated to play a role in tumor suppression. AZI inactivates all members of the antizyme family, reactivates ODC and prevents the proteolytic degradation of ODC, which may suggest a role for AZI in tumor progression. Received 9 December 2005; received after revision 13 April 2006; accepted 1 June 2006     

Novel aspects of glypican glycobiology

Mutations in glypican genes cause dysmorphic and overgrowth syndromes in men and mice, abnormal development in flies and worms, and defective gastrulation in zebrafish and ascidians. All glypican core proteins share a characteristic pattern of 14 conserved cysteine residues. Upstream from the C-terminal membrane anchorage are 3–4 heparan sulfate attachment sites. Cysteines in glypican-1 can become nitrosylated by nitric oxide in a copper-dependent reaction. When glypican-1 is exposed to ascorbate, nitric oxide is released and participates in deaminative cleavage of heparan sulfate at sites where the glucosamines have a free amino group. This process takes place while glypican-1 recycles via a nonclassical, caveolin-1-associated route. Glypicans are involved in growth factor signalling and transport, e.g. of polyamines. Cargo can be unloaded from heparan sulfate by nitric oxide-dependent degradation. How glypican and its degradation products and the cargo exit from the recycling route is an enigma.Received 27 November 2003; received after revision 8 January 2004; accepted 13 January 2004     

硫化氢对白桦悬浮细胞中多胺和次生代谢物积累的影响

【目的】分析硫化氢(H₂S)对白桦悬浮细胞中多胺含量和次生代谢物积累的影响。【方法】将不同浓度的H₂S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)添加到白桦悬浮培养体系中,采用高效液相色谱法和比色法分析不同形态的多胺含量、多胺合成酶和分解酶活性以及黄酮、多酚和三萜等次生代谢物含量。【结果】 NaHS处理后白桦悬浮细胞中总多胺含量呈先增加后降低趋势,其中1 mmol/L NaHS处理24 h时腐胺和亚精胺总含量达最高值,分别比对照增加了30.51%和12.37%; 除高氯酸不溶性结合态亚精胺外,NaHS处理后白桦悬浮细胞中游离态、高氯酸可溶性结合态和不溶性结合态腐胺和亚精胺含量均有不同程度的增加; 同样,NaHS处理后多胺合成酶(ADC)和多胺分解酶(PAO)活性基本呈增加趋势,增加幅度分别为15.91%～26.33%和137.50%～250.12%; 1 mmol/L NaHS与不同浓度的腐胺、亚精胺和精胺分别处理悬浮细胞,不同程度地提高了白桦悬浮细胞中多酚、黄酮和三萜含量。其中,5 mmol/L 腐胺与NaHS共同处理后白桦悬浮细胞中多酚、黄酮和三萜含量达最大值,分别比NaHS单独处理增加了26.69%、13.22%和 4.55%。【结论】H₂S处理提高了白桦悬浮细胞中多胺和次生代谢物含量,H₂S与多胺共同处理可进一步促进次生代谢物的累积。     

采后菠菜贮藏过程中多胺含量的变化

对采后不同包装和温度处理的菠菜多胺含量的变化分析结果表明,腐胺和精胺显示了相似的在2d内均有所增加,然后缓慢下降或基本保持不变的变化趋势;组胺的含量在各处理组合中均具有明显的增加,尤其在Film A（20℃）、Film B（20℃）处理组合中组胺含量分别增加117．6％和88．1％．抗坏血酸和叶绿素含量分析结果也表明,在5℃下,Film A和Film B处理的抗坏血酸含量分别下降了33．6％和25．7％;叶绿素含量分别下降了18．6％和16．7％．在20℃下,FilmA和FilmB处理的抗坏血酸含量分别下降了67．5％和58．5％;叶绿素含量分别下降了41．3％和48．6％．实验结果表明,在5℃和20℃下,12微孔（聚丙烯薄膜）包装袋都具有较高的多胺含量,气调保鲜效果均好于24微孔包装袋的处理,可以显著抑制抗坏血酸和叶绿素的氧化分解,保持了菠菜较高的抗坏血酸含量和叶绿素含量．     

D精氨酸对菌根化马尾松植株内源多胺和抗旱能力的影响

为研究内源多胺对菌根化马尾松植株抗旱能力的影响,以分别接种4种外生菌根真菌及其混合菌的5种菌根化马尾松小苗为材料,通过添加ADC竞争性抑制剂D精氨酸(DArg)进行室内模拟自然干旱胁迫处理,分析了各处理植株的萎蔫度、针叶中腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量的变化及其与抗旱能力的关系。结果显示：未施加DArg的处理中,各植株的抗旱能力依次为接种混合菌根菌的植株较高、紫金蜡蘑(La)菌根化植株次之、CK植株较低,而DArg处理的各植株抗旱能力发生了逆转,依次为CK植株较高、La菌根化植株次之、接种混合菌根菌的植株较低。分析表明菌根化马尾松植株Put合成主要依赖以LArg为前体的途径,并且向Spd和Spm的转化效率较CK植株高;维持较高Spm含量、(Spd+Spm)/Put值,是菌根化马尾松植株抗旱的重要原因之一。     

乙醇胺/多胺的脱碳研究

工业应用于烟气脱CO2的吸收剂以乙醇胺(MEA)水溶液为主,提高其性能是吸收法脱CO2的关键。对相同浓度的MEA及其与4种多胺,包括N-(2-羟乙基)乙二胺(AEEA)、哌嗪（PZ）、二乙烯三胺(DETA)和三乙烯四胺(TETA),所组成的混胺水溶液(MEA/多胺)对CO2的吸收、再生性能和腐蚀性开展了实验研究。实验结果表明,多胺含量较低的MEA/多胺的吸收和再生性能都较MEA所有提高,腐蚀速度较MEA降低。但是多胺含量增大,再生率有所降低。因此,适当含量多胺的MEA/多胺是较MEA高效的吸收剂;4种混胺中,MEA/DETA和MEA/TETA性能最优。     

石蒜花期前后鳞茎内源多胺含量的动态变化

应用薄层层析-荧光测定法研究了石蒜花期前后鳞茎内源多胺含量的动态变化,分析了内源多胺与石蒜开花的关系.在花芽分化前期鳞茎内3种多胺的浓度是递增的,于6月初达到最大;在花芽分化后期,鳞茎内3种多胺的浓度是递减的.花期腐胺Put和精胺Spm含量迅速下降,并维持在较低水平,但花后展叶期又有明显回升.整个发育过程中以Put的含量最高,变幅较大,而亚精胺Spd含量最少,变幅较小.     

Effects of female sex hormones on polyamine-oxidizing enzyme activities and polyamine concentrations in immature rat uterus and liver

17-estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P) treatment of immature female rats (10 g/100 g body weight) respectively resulted in 1.38-fold (p<0.02) and 1.42-fold (p<0.02) increase in the uterine polyamine oxidase activity, and 2.45-fold (p<0.001) and 1.43-fold (p<0.02) increase in the uterine diamine oxidase activity, as compared to the controls. E₂ caused a 5-fold (p<0.05) and a 1.36-fold (p<0.05) increase in putrescine and spermidine concentration respectively in rat uterus. Increases of 1.7-fold (p<0.02) and 1.6-fold (p<0.05) in putrescine and spermine concentration were determined in the P-treated uterus, as compared to the controls. The spermidine/spermine ratio, which is regarded as an index of growth rate, was higher in the E₂-treated uterus and lower in the P-treated uterus than in the control uterus. No statistically significant hormonal effects were estimated in the immature liver. The data reported suggest the possibility of an involvement of polyamine-oxidizing enzymes in the modulation of polyamine concentrations in rat uterus by the female sex hormones.     

Lithium lowers renal,cardiac and splenic ornithine decarboxylase activity in mice

Summary A single i.p. injection of lithium chloride (5–7.5 moles/g b.wt) in mice caused a 70–80% decrease in renal, cardiac and splenic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity within 1 h, whereas pulmonary ODC activity was unaffected. Lithium chloride did not have any effect on ODC activity in vitro when added to homogenates of the tissues studied. We suggest that the effect of lithium on ODC activity is not direct, but mediated via e.g. hormonal or nervous influence.This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (04X-02212, 14X-00028), and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund (Sweden).     

植物生长物质与植物雄性不育研究进展

对植物生长物质与植物雄性不育关系的研究现状进行了综述,已有的研究涉及到雄性不育与各种内源激素水平的关系、外施激素对植物育性的影响、以及植物生长物质在雄性不育中的作用机理等,不同生长物质对育性表达作用不同：GAs和多胺有利于雄性器官的发育,生长素、细胞分裂素、乙烯和脱落酸含量过高往往导致雄性不育,雄性不育既受单种生长物质变化的影响。也受各种生长物质间平衡的影响。