棉花三系配套的研究

利用棉花杂种优势,是提高产量和改进纤维品质的有效途径。推广杂种棉的关键措施是进行三系配套,实行不育化制种。我们于1985年以哈型雄性不育材料为不育“源”,以北疆推广品种“新陆早一号”和“66—241”为回交亲本,进行回交转育。经过三年的回交和定向选择,现已基本育成不育性稳定的,农艺性状接近回交亲本的四个新的雄性不育系。1987年,开始了恢复系的转育工作,并取得一定的研究结果。同时对不育系的自然授粉也进行了初步的研究,发现不育系对野蜂有某种吸引力,因而有较高的单株成铃数;这对制种工作是十分有利的。     

Reproductive Biology and Prospects for Conservation of Caldesia parnassifolia (Alismataceae)——A Threatened Monocot in China

0　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌｉｓｍａｔａｃｅａｅｉｓａｃｏｓｍｏｐｏｌｉｔａｎｆａｍｉｌｙｔｈａｔｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆ 11ｇｅｎｅｒａａｎｄａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ 95ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ[1] .Ａｌｌｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｉｓｆａｍｉｌｙａｒｅａｑｕａｔｉｃｏｒｓｅｍｉ ａｑｕａｔｉｃｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙｏｃｃｕｒｒｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅＮｅｗＷｏｒｌｄ .ＴｈｅｇｅｎｕｓＣａｌｄｅｓｉａｉｓｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅＯｌｄＷｏｒｌｄｆｒｏｍＡｆｒｉｃａａｎｄＭａｄａｇａｓｃａｒａｎｄＳ…     

Japanese white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae) as potential pollinators of summer-flowering Taxillus kaempferi (Loranthaceae)

The pollination of summer-flowering plants by birds has rarely been reported in temperate Asia and Europe. However, we recorded the Japanese white-eye Zosterops japonicus (Passeriformes: Zosteropidae) visiting the flowers of the hemiparasitic plant Taxillus kaempferi (Loranthaceae) during mid-summer (July to August) in a temperate forest in central Japan. Field observations showed that Z. japonicus was an almost exclusive flower visitor of T. kaempferi. Specifically, Z. japonicus inserted their bills frequently into the flower tubes of T. kaempferi. The corollas of T. kaempferi were shorter than Z. japonicus bills, suggesting that Z. japonicus is able to obtain floral nectar from T. kaempferi. Close-up pictures of Z. japonicus visiting flowers showed that the upper bill and facial feathers of Z. japonicus came into contact with the reproductive organs of T. kaempferi, leading to the attachment of pollen to these body parts. Thus, Z. japonicus might act as an important pollinator of the summer-flowering plant T. kaempferi.?     

A novel mechanism controls anther opening and closing in Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis

The phenomena of anther opening and closing in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch) Hand.-Mazz were described in detail, and the effects of ecological factors on those phenomena related to anther opening, closing and the fly-pollination mechanism were discussed. Anthers of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis open in the morning and close in the evening every day during an over 20 days’ period of anthesis. Light was detected as the main factor controlling this daily anther opening and closing. Anther openin...     

欧李授粉与结实生物学研究

欧李自然撒粉的高峰时间在１２：００以后，无闭花受精现象。花粉大小、形态具有高度的稳定性；花朵开放时花粉生活力达到最高；低温、干燥环境有利于保持花粉生活力。欧李自花授粉结实率为３６．７％，但不同基因型间杂交能显著提高结实率（９８％）；有一定的单性结实能力（２１．９％）．欧李自然落果最高峰在花后２～３周（５月中旬），其比例占８０％．基生枝是欧李的主要结果枝类型，枝条中上部为主要结果部位。     

从传粉模式、花序与壳斗特征来看壳斗科的演化

壳斗科目前包括10个属,1 000多个物种,是重要的经济类群.结合化石证据、分子系统发育学和形态学,壳斗科的进化研究主要集中于3个关键的生殖特征:传粉模式、花序结构和壳斗类型.从复杂到简单花序,虫媒到风媒传粉,以及二歧聚伞到花朵壳斗的演化是壳斗科进化的3个代表特征,与壳斗科的迁移与扩散过程息息相关.其中,具有先进风媒传粉和特化花序的栎属,与保持传统虫媒传粉和复杂花序的石栎属同时具有花朵壳斗这一现象是值得探讨的进化学问题.     

一种基于花朵授粉算法的视觉跟踪方法

提出了一种基于花朵授粉算法的视觉跟踪方法,将图像中的每个候选目标状态看作花粉配子,利用花朵授粉算法对每个花粉配子迭代优化,最终通过最优花粉配子状态定位目标。首先给出了基于花朵授粉算法的视频目标跟踪方法描述,在此基础上研究了花朵授粉算法的迭代终止条件和参数的敏感度;并确定了参数。最后将算法与粒子滤波、均值漂移和粒子群优化三种跟踪算法进行对比。对比实验表明,方法计算量小、抗干扰能力强,跟踪效果优于上述三种算法。     

Reproductive biology and prospects for conservation ofCaldesia parnassifolia (Alismataceae)—A threatened monocot in China

Caldesia parnassi folia (Bassi ex Linn.) Parl. in China has declined in number in recent years and is increasingly faced with the risk of extirpation arising from anthropogenic changes associated with rapid urbanization and expansion of both agriculture and infrastructure. To aid in provision of the data needed for effective conservation of the species, studies on the habitat, pollination ecology, and breeding system ofC. parnassi folia were carried out on natural populations occurring in Southeastern China. Flowering in the study populations extended for more than eighty days beginning in early summer. Floral anthesis occurred in the morning hours and proceeded rapidly, lasting about 45 min. Flowers lasted ca. 8 h.Caldesia parnassi folia is self-compatible; however autogamy resulted in lower seed set than geitonogamy and xenogamy as well as free pollination. The data on pollen/ ovule (P∶O) ratio is consistent with a partially selfing and outcrossing mating system. Interpopulational crosses yielded similar seed set to within-population crosses. Agamospermy did not occur in the study populations. Propagation is achieved through seeds as well as through turions which commonly occur in the inflorescences. Flies (Insecta; Diptera) were the most frequent visitors to the flowers ofC. parnassi folia; however bees (Insecta; Hymenoptera) composed a larger proportion of effective pollinators. The Syrphidae speciesSphaerophoria indiana (Bigot) presents evidence of oligolectic foraging behavior. Recommendations are made on the immediate steps necessary for conservation ofCaldesia species in China. Foundation item: Supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (973) (G2000046805) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070055) Biography: Robert Wahiti, Gituru (1967-), male, Kenya, Ph. D., research direction: plant biosystematics.     

李花粉的贮藏性及授粉效果

对李花粉贮藏期间生活力变化及对田间授粉效果的影响进行了试验。结果表明:李花粉在低温干燥避光条件贮藏1年,仍能满足生产应用要求,常温干燥避光条件可用于李花粉约1个月的短期贮存。