三七叶甙对兔血小板聚集功能的影响

 应用Born氏比浊法分别测定三七叶甙(Panax notoginseng folium saponins)对花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)、血小板活化因子(platelet activating factor,PAF)和腺苷二磷酸(adenosine diphosphate,ADP)诱导的兔血小板聚集功能的影响.实验结果表明:三七叶甙在体外显著抑制ADP诱导的血小板聚集,其半数抑制浓度(medium inhibitory concentration,IC₅₀)为89.4mg/L;三七叶甙静脉注射也能明显降低ADP诱导的兔血小板聚集率,且呈剂量-效应关系.提示三七叶甙体内外均明显抑制ADP诱导的兔血小板聚集,而对AA和PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集无明显影响.     

Podocalyxin enhances the adherence of cells to platelets

Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a mucin protein of the CD34 family expressed in kidney glomerular podocytes, vascular endothelium, progenitor bone marrow and tumor cells. It is assumed that PODXL plays an anti-adherent role in kidney podocytes. CHO cells stably expressing human PODXL (CHO-PODXL) or human tumor cells (Tera-1) inherently expressing PODXL showed increased adherence to platelets. The adherence of cells was inhibited (70%) by blockers of platelet P-selectin, prevented by the soluble ectodomain of human PODXL (PODXL-Δ) or by the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGDS) peptide and partially impeded by inhibition of integrin αVβ3/αVβ5, suggesting a coordinated action of P-selectin and integrins. Colocalization of platelet P-selectin and PODXL expressed on CHO cells was demonstrated by confocal immunofluorescence. No adherence to platelets was observed when PODXL was expressed in glycomutant CHO cells deficient in sialic acid. Received 14 August 2007; received after revision 12 September 2007; accepted 13 September 2007     

Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes: from reptilase to now

The snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLEs) comprise a number of serine proteases functionally and structurally related to thrombin. Until recently, only nine complete sequences of this subgroup of the serine protease family were known. Over the past 5 years, the primary structure of several SVTLEs has been characterized, and now this family includes several members. Of particular interest is their possible use in pathologies such as thrombosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the state of the art concerning the evolutionary, structural and biological features of the SVTLEs.Received 16 August 2003; received after revision 26 September 2003; accepted 1 October 2003     

Integrins and cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular diseases involve abnormal cell-cell interactions leading to the development of atherosclerotic plaque, which when ruptured causes massive platelet activation and thrombus formation. Parts of a loose thrombus may detach to form an embolus, blocking circulation at a more distant point. The integrins are a family of adhesive cell receptors interacting with adhesive proteins or with counterreceptors on other cells. There is now solid evidence that the major integrin on platelets, the fibrinogen receptor α _IIb  β ₃ , has an important role in several aspects of cardiovascular diseases and that its regulated inhibition leads to a reduction in incidence and mortality due to these disorders. The development of α _IIb  β ₃ inhibitors is an important strategy of many pharmaceutical companies which foresee a large market for the treatment of acute conditions in surgery, the symptoms of chronic conditions and, it is hoped, maybe even the successful prophylaxis of these conditions. Although all the associated problems have not been solved, the undoubted improvements in patient care resulting from the first of these treatments in the clinic have stimulated further research on the role of integrins on other vascular cells in these processes and in the search for new inhibitors. Both the development of specific inhibitors and of mice with specific integrin subunit genes ablated have contributed to a better understanding of the function of integrins in development of the cardiovascular system.     

银白木耳药用初探

在我国首次发现的毛木耳纯白色变种银白木耳能明显增强实验动物的淋巴细胞转化功能，明显抑制血小板粘附和聚集功能，是一新的食用兼药用真菌，有助于一些疾病的康复。     

糖的浓度和种类对人血小板冷冻干燥保存的影响

以海藻糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、葡萄糖作为冻干血小板的保护剂,研究糖的浓度和种类对血小板冻干保存的影响.结果表明,冻干血小板的保存效果随海藻糖浓度的增加而提高,当海藻糖质量分数增加到20%时,非活化血小板的恢复率达到85.7%;对于质量分数均为20%不同种类的糖保护剂,非活化血小板的恢复率都达到70%以上,海藻糖略优于其他几种糖,但它们之间没有显著性差异.     

脾破裂术后血小板增多18例临床分析

目的探讨脾破裂术后血小板增多的过程和处理。方法对18例脾破裂行脾切除术后血小板升致520~790×109/L患者的临床资料进行分析总结。结果18例患者术后第二天血小板逐渐增多,术后1~2周达到高峰值。血小板>380×109/L时开始用药,用药约3周后均降至正常水平。结论对外伤性脾破裂患者应尽量采用保脾手术,脾切除术后血小板>380×109/L时应考虑使用药物预防静脉血栓形成。     

Platelet insulin receptor determination in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Summary The platelet membrane insulin receptors of healthy and non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetic patients were studied. Receptor number and affinity proved to be decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The changes in platelet insulin receptor characteristics are in good correlation with the alterations reported in other tissues or cells. The possible role of these phenomena in the pathogenesis of disturbed platelet function in diabetics needs further investigation.     

Guanylate cyclase in human platelets with different aggregability

Summary The activity of human platelet guanylate cyclase, and the activation of the enzyme by sodium nitroprusside were decreased in platelets with increased aggregability; these platelets were obtained from diabetes mellitus patients. Anomalies in guanylate cyclase activity and ADP-induced aggregation were more pronounced in platelets from subjects with type II than those with type I diabetes.