Studies on some enzymes of the toad (Bufo melanostictus) testis and their probable role at the time of fertilization

Summary Glycosidases like sialidase,-galactosidase, -L-fucosidase, N-acetyl hexosaminidase and proteases were detected in toad testis. Neuraminic acid aldolase activity was also detected. The enzyme activities were found to vary as production of spermatozoa varied. All enzymes, except N-acetyl glucosaminidase, were shown to decrease after injection of toad pituitary extract and they were also found to be absent from testis containing no spermatozoa. The glycosidases were found to act on toad oviduct jelly and they may therefore be involved in the degradation of the jelly after fertilization, into smaller bits, which may be utilized as nutrients by the fertilized zygote.Acknowledgment. We thank Prof. T.R. Ramaiah, Head of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Mysore, for his help. We also acknowledge the financial assistance of University Grants Commission to one of us (MS) and CSIR through a grant No. 9 (165)83/EMR-II to HSS. Please address all correspondence to H.S. Seshadri.     

Pineal function cannot prevent the occurrence of castration cells in male rats

Summary The relationship between the pineal gland and the pituitary gland was investigated in male rats. The results indicate that the hypothalamo-adenohypophysial-gonadal axis is affected by the pineal gland, but the appearance of castration cells following gonal ablation may be only slightly modified by alterations in pineal gland function.     

Ultrastructural changes in uterine myometrium of mice with experimentally-induced adenomyosis

Summary Ectopic pituitary transplantation induced a high incidence of adenomyosis in SHN mice. Early signs of the development of adenomyosis were the penetration of stromal connective tissue into myometrium followed by uterine gland invasion. Associated with these changes, the inner layer of myometrium showed the involution of smooth muscle cells and distended intercellular spacesThis work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan     

瓦氏黄颡鱼脑垂体组织学和组织化学研究

对不同季节瓦氏黄颡鱼成鱼脑垂体进行组织学和组织化学研究.结果表明:瓦氏黄颡鱼脑垂体为背腹型腺体.神经垂体居中,前腺垂体位于垂体背面前部和后缘,由PRL细胞和ACTH细胞组成;中腺垂体位于垂体中部及背面后部,包括GH细胞、GTH细胞和TSH细胞,后腺垂体位于垂体腹面后方,组织学研究仅见一种分泌细胞.前腺垂体ACTH细胞形态、中腺垂体GTH细胞形态和数量在繁殖前后有明显变化,与生殖活动密切相关.     

Number of dopamine neurons predicts prolactin levels in two inbred mouse strains

Summary Mice of the BALB/cJ strain have more dopamine neurons than mice of the CBA/J strain. We now report that BALB/cJ mice have less circulating and pituitary prolactin than CBA/J mice, a relationship expected from the difference in tuberoinfundibular dopamine neuron number.     

大型垂体腺瘤“经颅、经眶(经筛)、经蝶入路”的手术研究

对２５例大型垂体腺瘤采用经颅、经眶（经筛）及经蝶扩大切除骨瓣入路的新显微手术方法．结果：肿瘤全切者１６例（６４．０％），次全切者７例（２８％），部分切除者２例（８％）．本组病例术后常规给予放射治疗，临床症状与内分泌功能于术后复查均恢复至正常范围或明显改善，经过１～５．５年追踪尚未见复发者．此术式将经颅与经蝶两种入路于鞍结节处融合成一个大术野，扩大了手术视野，缩短了手术入路，有利于显微手术切除大型垂体腺瘤，提高了全切率．     

Effect of in vivo pre-treatment with oestradiol and either GnRH,GnRH agonistic analog or GnRH antagonistic analog on GnRH-stimulated secretion of LH in vitro

Summary In vivo treatment with GnRH or with GnRH agonistic analog (AG), but not with GnRH antagonistic analog (ANT), depleted the LH stores of the rat pituitary gland. This depletion was potentiated by oestradiol. Oestradiol augmented the in vitro LH response of the pituitary gland to GnRH. This augmenting effect of oestradiol became smaller with increasing rates of in vivo administration of GnRH or AG, but not with ANT. With respect to both depletion of the LH stores and suppression of the augmenting effect of oestradiol, AG ist about 20 times as potent as GnRH.     

女性内分泌调节轴功能及调控

女性月经周期的形成和周期的调节是一个复杂的机制，是由下丘脑－垂体－卵巢轴系统通过神经内分泌活动实现的。表现为卵泡成熟释放、雌激素的形成及子宫内膜有规律的增殖－分泌－脱落。从理论上阐述了上述机制，从而为不孕症、功血、闭经等疾病诊断治疗提供了理论基础。     

南方鲇成鱼垂体的组织学与组织化学

运用组织学、组织化学技术对南方鲇成鱼垂体结构在生殖周期中的变化进行了研究.结果表明:南方鲇垂体为背腹型腺体,由神经垂体和腺垂体组成,神经垂体位于腺垂体中央;腺垂体前外侧部位于腺体前部,由PRL、ACTH细胞和少量GH、GTH细胞组成;中外侧部位于腺体中部及后部腹面区域,由GH、GTH和TSH细胞组成;中间部位于腺体后部背面,包括MSH、GTH细胞和首次在鱼类报道的大型泡状细胞.GTH和ACTH细胞结构在生殖周期中发生明显的变化,与生殖活动密切相关.     

Morphological evidence for a direct neuroendocrine GABAergic control of the anterior pituitary in teleosts

Summary The anterior pituitary of teleosts is unique among vertebrates in receiving a direct innervation which represents the morphological support of the neuroendocrine control of pars distalis functions. The participation of GABAergic fibers in this innervation was studied by means of immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels, using antibodies against GABA. Immunoreactive fibers, characterized by the presence of small clear and dense cored vesicles, were detected in all parts of the gland. Immunopositive terminals were found in close, sometimes synaptic-like, contact with most glandular cell types in the anterior lobe. The data strongly suggest that in teleosts, as in mammals, GABA is involved in the neuroendocrine control of anterior pituitary functions.