PEMFC电催化剂利用率研究方法的探讨

提高电催化剂的利用率以降低质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的成本，是加速其商业化的一个重要途径。文中讨论了现有的CV法在研究PEMFC电催化剂利用率时存在的一些问题，如CV法扫描速度的影响及Pt理论比表面积难于准确确定等，为了较好地解决这一问题，提出了一种以单位质量电催化剂产生电池功率或电能来表示膜电极中电催化剂利用率的方法。     

Influence of Microstructure and Sintering Routes on Transport Properties of Apatite Materials for Fuel Cells

1 Results Oxy-apatite materials are thought as zirconia-substitutes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells due to their fast ionic conduction. However, the well known difficulties related to their densification prevent them from being used as such. This study presents strategies to obtain oxy-apatite dense materials and the influence of elaboration route on transport properties. Particular emphasis is put on the microstructure effect on ion conduction. By the combined use of freeze-drying and conventional or spark p...     

New Membranes Based on Polybenzimidazole for Polymer Fuel Cells

1 Results Acid-doped polybenzimidazoles[1] are particularly appealing because of high proton conductivity with no or low humidification and promising fuel cells performances. PBI, in fact, contains basic functional groups which can easily interact with strong oxo-acids, such as H3PO4 and H2SO4. The acid partially protonates the polymer and partially is freely dispersed in the polymer backbone, so allowing proton migration via Grotthuss mechanism along the anionic chains[2]. Anyway, a technological limit...     

板型燃料组件内部流场数值分析

为板型燃料组件的设计和实验研究提供参考 ,采用商用流体力学计算程序 CFX5对板型燃料组件内部流场进行了数值模拟 ,以获得各流速下的板间流场。数值计算结果表明 :板型燃料组件不同流道和单一流道内的流速分布基本均匀 ,在 2 0个流道中居中的 3～ 5流道内的流量比其它流道小一些 ,其中中间流道内的流量最小 ,其流量与平均流量的误差小于 10 % ;提梁对其后部速度场的影响较大 ,对其后部压力场的影响很小。当板间水隙的最大加工误差为0 .15 mm时 ,该流道内的流量与流道内平均流量的误差接近10 %。组件进出口差压计算值与实验值比较接近 ,证明了计算结果的可靠性     

石油烃分散液对马粪海胆浮游幼虫的急性毒性效应

为研究石油烃污染对海胆胚胎的急性毒性效应,采用胚胎发育毒性实验方法,分6个质量浓度组(1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0、32.0 mg/L)分别进行0#柴油和船用燃料油分散液对马粪海胆浮游幼虫发育的急性毒性实验.结果显示,两种油品分散液对胚胎发育至二腕幼虫和四腕幼虫阶段有明显的毒性作用.随着受试液质量浓度的增加,幼虫的体长变短,畸形率及死亡率显著增大.船用燃料油分散液48 h和72h的半数效应浓度(EC50)分别为4.57、2.71 mg/L;0#柴油分散液48 h和72 h的EC50分别为3.39、1.87 mg/L,故0#柴油的毒性大于船用燃料油.     

沥青混凝土拌和站燃料选用中的成本分析

通过对几种燃料的成本分析,比如煤粉、水煤浆和燃油,指出混凝土拌和站在选型过程中应结合自身实际情况选配适合的燃料。     

在山西兴建燃气-蒸汽联合循环电厂的必要性和可行性探讨

分析了山西电力的现状以及国内外使用燃气—蒸汽联合循环的情况,指出在山西有必要且有可能建立燃气—蒸汽联合循环电厂,以提高山西能源利用率,减少山西的环境污染。     

S—3030型燃油添加剂的试验与应用

添加剂的问世称之为“燃烧技术革命”。通过试验表明:汽油机和柴油机,加入少量添加剂之后,动力性和经济性都有提高,而且越是技术状态差的机车,经济性提高越是显著,说明国产添加剂可以推广应用。     

车用发动机高压电控喷油器的开发研究

以提高大功率车用发动机的动力性,经济性和排放性能为目的,对电控高压喷油器进行开发设计和实验研究,采用中压油源,由系统内部增压器来产生理想喷射所需的高压;通过蓄压装置和高速电磁开关阀控制喷油正时。结果 实验表明：最高喷油压力达１２４ＭＰａ,喷油规律的控制不受发动机转速影响,在系统结构和供油压力确定不变的条件下,完全由高速电磁开关阀的控制信号决定。     

New evidence for the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau as a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China

Over 40 a observed temperature data in 172 stations in China and historical proxy data were analyzed. Evidence suggested that during 1980–1994, the warmest year appeared first in southeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (henceforth SETP) and then gradually spread northwards and eastwards to eastern China. The climatic change on century time scale in recent 600 a shows 3 relatively warm and clod stages in China. Each warm and cold stage appeared first in Tibet Plateau (henceforth TP) and then in the Qilian Mountains, then in the eastern parts of China. The warm and cold stages in TP were 10–60 a earlier than in the eastern China. The facts show that TP is a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China on the time scale shorter than 10³a.