湖南省石门县高砷地区的蕨类植物资源调查——兼论高砷地区环境污染的植被恢复

为寻找更多、更有效的砷富集蕨类植物，对湖南省石门县雄黄矿场砷富集区的蕨类植物的种类及其生长状况进行了系统性调查分析.蕨类植物的亲缘关系分析结果表明：湖南省石门县雄黄矿场砷富集区的22种蕨类植物中有5种蕨类植物属于凤尾蕨类，5种属于金星蕨-铁角蕨类，4种属于鳞毛蕨类，其余7种则分散于蕨类植物的其他类群.频度及多度分析表明：蜈蚣草（Pteris vittata）、井兰边草（P.multifida）、渐尖毛蕨（Cyclosorus acuminatus）和贯众（Cyrtomium fortunei）在高砷地区有较高的频度和多度.石门高砷区生长的蕨类植物和已报道的砷富集蕨类植物的系统发育关系及其生物习性表明凤尾蕨类植物中发现了新的砷富集者.     

Cryptic and non-cryptic diversity in New Guinea ground snakes of the genus Stegonotus Duméril,Bibron and Duméril, 1854: a description of four new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

ABSTRACT

The island of New Guinea has been identified as biologically megadiverse but many taxa are still poorly known. This is especially the case for many of the island’s snakes, which by their very nature can be difficult to collect and study. Here we examine the phylogenetic and phylogeographic structure of a poorly studied snake genus, Stegonotus, focusing on the species of New Guinea; until now, Stegonotus has never been examined using modern phylogenetic methods. Using molecular data from 49 individuals representing eight of the ten described species, and including all New Guinea taxa, we estimate a multilocus phylogeny and examine population structure to help identify undescribed taxa. We use morphological data from the corresponding museum vouchered specimens (where available) and also examine additional specimens for taxa not included in the molecular data set to determine morphological differences among putative taxa. We find molecular evidence for four new species of Stegonotus, both morphologically obvious and cryptic, and describe them herein. The recognition of these four species indicates that Stegonotus diversity has been previously underestimated and also suggests that there are likely additional undescribed taxa within the genus. These four taxa increase the number of described species by 40% and further confirm New Guinea as the centre of diversity for the genus.

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9E21390E-3FD4-40EB-9442-31BC92A76B4F     

基于COI和D-Loop序列豫北虾虎鱼分子系统分析

虾虎鱼在河南省北部广泛分布,但其系统分类和多样性未有报道.从豫北原阳黄寺、安阳小南海、淇县淇河、长垣孙东闸、林州弓上水库等地采集虾虎鱼样本共计23尾,成都岷江样本6尾,分别扩增了线粒体COI基因和D-Loop序列.联合GenBank下载虾虎鱼的COI序列和D-Loop序列,构建了虾虎鱼的系统进化树.结果显示,采自黄寺、小南海、淇县、岷江地区的子陵吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)聚为一个分支,而采自孙东闸和弓上水库的褐吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius brunneus)聚为一个单系群;这两种虾虎鱼遗传分化主要来自群体间.系统发育结果支持子陵吻虾虎鱼的韩国群体与中国群体构成姐妹群关系,中国不同地理种群间则相互交叉.     

枣属植物分类学存在的科学问题及展望

总结了枣属植物分类学研究方面的进展,提出了目前存在在四个科学问题即枣属的属下分类系统的分歧;枣是否原产于我国?枣是否由酸枣演化而来?枣和酸枣的种下划分的分歧。并指出枣属植物分类学研究的发展方向是开展叶绿体比较基因组学方面的研究。     

Integrative taxonomic revision of Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa, 1886) sensu lato with description of a new species and resurrection of Dendrobaena succinta (Rosa, 1905) (Megadrili: Lumbricidae)

Dendrobaena veneta is one of the most widely used compost worms now distributed all over Europe and has been described under several synonymous names. Besides the typical stripy red specimens, another form bearing pinkish pigmentation also exists, mostly found in natural habitats in the East Mediterranean. Here we provide the first integrative taxonomic analysis of D. veneta, including some closely related species. Both the morphological and molecular results highly support the resurrection of D. succinta, a former synonym of D. veneta. In addition, we describe a peculiar new species, D. karacadagi sp. n. from Anatolia, and prove the highly homoplasious character of the cross section of the longitudinal musculature.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:336D3F7A-AEA1-465B-9096-03070C761A6A     

A new subfamily of fossorial colubroid snakes from the Western Ghats of peninsular India

ABSTRACT

We report molecular phylogenetic and dating analyses of snakes that include new mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data for three species of the peninsular Indian endemic Xylophis. The results provide the first molecular genetic test of and support for the monophyly of Xylophis. Our phylogenetic results support the findings of a previous, taxonomically restricted phylogenomic analysis of ultraconserved nuclear sequences in recovering the fossorial Xylophis as the sister taxon of a clade comprising all three recognised extant genera of the molluscivoran and typically arboreal pareids. The split between Xylophis and ‘pareids’ is estimated to have occurred on a similar timescale to that between most (sub)families of extant snakes. Based on phylogenetic relationships, depth of molecular genetic and estimated temporal divergence, and on the external morphological and ecological distinctiveness of the two lineages, we classify Xylophis in a newly erected subfamily (Xylophiinae subfam. nov.) within Pareidae.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:43BDE72C-6823-4D6A-8601-482862556D78

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AD3486DF-D874-4CFD-8EAE-14FF3E403AF9     

黑腹果蝇热激蛋白基因家族的生物信息学分析

热激蛋白是细胞或生物体受到热激后新合成的一类遗传上高度保守的蛋白,在生物体中普遍存在,在细胞生长、发育、分化、基因转录等功能方面发挥重要的作用.本研究利用生物信息学方法首次对黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)全部热激蛋白进行分析.结果表明,黑腹果蝇热激蛋白共有HSPC(HSP90)、HSPA(H...     

分子系统学的理论、方法及展望

随着分子生物学理论的不断完善和技术的发展,系统生物学的一个分支学科--分子系统学也在不断地发展,并已成为进化生物学、古生物学、生态学等众多学科的一个极其重要的研究手段,并在诸多研究领域中取得了许多令人瞩目的成果.然而,相对于一些传统学科而言,它毕竟还是一门年轻的学科,在许多理论和方法的运用上还存在着一些问题.本文尝试对这门学科涉及到的一些问题作一系统评述,以期有助于更好地了解它,并利用它有效地开展相关研究工作.     

Further laboratory evidence for the separate species status of the South American Locust (Schistocerca cancellata Serville) and the Central American Locust (Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons Walker) (Acrididae,Cyrtacanthacridinae)

Summary

Results are given of experimental crosses and backcrosses of Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons (Walker), the Central American Locust, with S. cancellata (Serville). The high levels of mutual pre- and post-zygotic incompatibility indicate that they should be given separate species status. It follows that control strategy will be effective when carried out by separate subregional organizations.