Signal transduction pathways mediated by colony stimulating factor-1 receptor

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), which is necessary for cell proliferation and differentiation, regulates both immediate and delayed early responses throughout G1 phase. The binding of CSF-1 to its receptor (CSF-1R) triggers phosphorylation of the receptor and its intrinsic tyrosine kinase. The activated receptor binds directly to cytoplasmic effector proteins, which induce multiple-signal transduction pathways. CSF-1 can induce the c-myc gene expression via Ras and Ets-related proteins. The expression of c-fos/jun family genes is also targeted following the activation of Ras. CSF-1R activates STAT1 and STAT3 to participate in signaling, but JAKs do not appear to contribute to signaling by CSF-1R. CSF-1R activates PI3-kinase, and PI3-ki can interact with downstream proteins by the MAPKK-related pathway independent of Ras/Raf. PC-PLC can enforce signaling in response to CSF-1. Furthermore, the turnover and dephosphorylation by the phosphatase SHPTP1 of CSF-1R are the major mechanism in the negative regulation of signaling by CSF-1R     

Search for new antiphytovirucides

The lead compound of substituted 2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazoles were modified by phosphorylation sulfonation and carboxymethylation. The benzimidazoloamidophosphate (6) (7) have better activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The benzimidazolophenoxyacetic acid, phenoxysulfonic acid containing trifluoromethyl, and nitro group have 77%≈85% efficiency for wheat rust disease. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Laboratory of Elemento Organic Chemistry Nankai University Qu Fanqi: born in 1952, Associate professor     

奈必洛尔中间体的不对称合成

(S,R,R,R)-奈必洛尔是一种新型、强效的β1-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂降压药物.采用氧化/Wittig烯化一锅煮反应和Sharpless不对称环氧化/环化一锅煮反应,经八步反应,不对称合成出(S,R,R,R)-奈必洛尔的两个关键中间体1-[6-氟-(2S)-3,4-二氢-2H-2-苯并吡喃]-(1R)-1,2-乙二醇和1-[6-氟-(2R)-3,4-二氢-2H-2-苯并吡喃]-(1S)-1,2-乙二醇.该合成路线工艺简单,单步反应产率高,八步反应总收率达19%.     

用流式细胞术研究PKC及VRP，CsA对多药抗性细胞的调制与逆转

利用流式细胞术检测抗药性细胞内Ｒｈｏ－１２３的荧光强度作为检测抗性细胞抗性程度的指标，研究了蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）抑制剂Ｈ７，肿瘤促进剂佛波酯（ＴＰＡ）对多药抗性细胞的调节；钙离子通道阻断剂维拉帕米（ＶＲＰ），免疫抑制剂（ＣｓＡ）对多药抗性的逆转作用．测定了抗性细胞细胞膜和胞浆ＰＫＣ活性水平，指出ＰＫＣ可能通过磷酸化细胞膜上的Ｐ－糖蛋白（Ｐ－ｇｐ）来调节多药抗性细胞的抗性水平，并提供了一种筛选多药抗性逆转药物的简便方法．     

α－紫罗兰酮合成新工艺研究

对α－紫罗兰酮合成的环化剂和溶剂进行了筛选．对合成的工艺条件（环化剂与溶剂的用量、反应时间、反应温度）进行了优化，在优化工艺条件下，紫罗兰酮的得率可达８０％以上，α－紫罗兰酮的相对含量为８０％左右．     

Prins成环反应研究最新进展

Prins反应作为有机合成中一个经典的碳碳键构成方法，近来重新引起有机合成化学工作者的重视，尤其是分子内Prins成环反应具有非常大的合成价值，作者整理和总结了近几年来对该反应的文献报道，包括反应的催化体系、反应选择性、相关合成方法学、反应机理以及在复杂天然产物分子合成中的应用等多方面所取得的重要进展。     

Serine/threonine protein phosphatases in DNA damage response

DNA damage response (DDR) is among the most important of the mechanisms that maintain genome stability which, when destabilized, predisposes organs to cancer. Reversible phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases and protein phosphatases regulates most, if not all, cellular activities, including DDR. Protein kinase inhibitors have become the main focus of targeted therapy and anticancer drug development. However, our limited knowledge of protein phosphatase function is compromising our capacity to develop therapeutic agents against phosphatases. In this review, we summarize the roles of serine/threonine protein phosphatases involved in DDR and propose that in situ dephosphorylation of phosphoproteins by protein phosphatases, instead of proteasome-mediated degradation of phosphoproteins, is mainly employed by cells.     

Myelin basic protein: a multifunctional protein

Myelin basic protein (MBP), the second most abundant protein in central nervous system myelin, is responsible for adhesion of the cytosolic surfaces of multilayered compact myelin. A member of the ‘intrinsically disordered’ or conformationally adaptable protein family, it also appears to have several other functions. It can interact with a number of polyanionic proteins including actin, tubulin, Ca²⁺-calmodulin, and clathrin, and negatively charged lipids, and acquires structure on binding to them. It may act as a membrane actin-binding protein, which might allow it to participate in transmission of extracellular signals to the cytoskeleton in oligodendrocytes and tight junctions in myelin. Some size isoforms of MBP are transported into the nucleus and thus they may also bind polynucleotides. Extracellular signals received by myelin or cultured oligodendrocytes cause changes in phosphorylation of MBP, suggesting that MBP is also involved in signaling. Further study of this very abundant protein will reveal how it is utilized by the oligodendrocyte and myelin for different purposes. Received 2 March 2006; received after revision 12 April 2006; accepted 16 May 2006     

Biosynthesis, immunity, regulation, mode of action and engineering of the model lantibiotic nisin

This review discusses the state-of-the-art in molecular research on the most prominent and widely applied lantibiotic, i.e., nisin. The developments in understanding its complex biosynthesis and mode of action are highlighted. Moreover, novel applications arising from engineering either nisin itself, or from the construction of totally novel dehydrated and/or lanthionine-containing peptides with desired bioactivities are described. Several challenges still exist in understanding the immunity system and the unique multiple reactions occurring on a single substrate molecule, carried out by the dehydratase NisB and the cyclization enzyme NisC. The recent elucidation of the 3-D structure of NisC forms the exciting beginning of further 3-D-structure determinations of the other biosynthetic enzymes, transporters and immunity proteins. Advances in achieving in vitro activities of lanthionine-forming enzymes will greatly enhance our understanding of the molecular characteristics of the biosynthesis process, opening up new avenues for developing unique and novel biocatalytic processes. Received 9 April 2007; received after revision 31 August 2007; accepted 28 September 2007