Estrogen and accessory sex gland lipids

Summary Administration of estradiol-17 elicited differential responses on accessory sex glands of rats. In caput epididymis, the estrogen treatment led to an accumulation of glycerides and phospholipids while in cauda epididymis, there was no significant change. However, in seminal vesicles, depletion of phospholipids was observed In prostate, the treatment, resulted in an accumulation of glycerides.Part of Ph.D. Thesis. Umapathy, E., Thesis. University of Madras, India, 1977.     

Co、Ni、Cu、Zn离子对蓝藻藻胆体光谱影响研究

应用吸收光谱和荧光光谱的方法研究了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）４种重金属离子对螺旋藻及其藻胆体—类囊体膜的作用．４种金属离子可降低藻胆体在６２４ｎｍ的特征光吸收峰，并使藻胆体—类囊体膜的发射荧光峰下降、蓝移，使Ｆｐ／Ｆｃ（藻胆与叶绿素荧光比值）升高．这些结果表明，藻胆体是重金属离子作用的重要位点这一．在四种重金属中，Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的作用最强．     

蛋白质、胆固醇对卵磷脂囊泡稳定性的影响

用卵磷脂、胆固醇和蛋白质所形成的囊泡模拟细胞膜,利用Langmuir膜天平、Zeta电势研究卵磷脂、胆固醇和蛋白质分子之间的相互作用,以及通过停留法和TEM等方法从Gemini(双子)表面活性剂对细胞膜结构破坏方面来探讨不同组分对囊泡的稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,囊泡中的蛋白质、胆固醇和卵磷脂分子之间是相互吸引的.相对于卵磷脂囊泡,混合体系囊泡更加稳定.表面活性剂是通过静电吸引力和疏水效应嵌入囊泡的双分子层中,导致囊泡被破坏.通过动力学实验得到Gemini表面活性剂对囊泡破坏过程的活化能,进一步证明加入蛋白质、胆固醇能够使卵磷脂囊泡更加稳定.     

The semenogelins: proteins with functions beyond reproduction?

The coagulum proteins of human semen, semenogelins I and II, are secreted in abundance by the seminal vesicles. Their function in reproduction is poorly understood as they are rapidly degraded in ejaculated semen. However, more recent results indicate that it is time to put the semenogelins in a broader physiological perspective that goes beyond reproduction and fertility. Received 21 June 2006; received after revision 16 August 2006; accepted 28 September 2006     

Myelin basic protein: a multifunctional protein

Myelin basic protein (MBP), the second most abundant protein in central nervous system myelin, is responsible for adhesion of the cytosolic surfaces of multilayered compact myelin. A member of the ‘intrinsically disordered’ or conformationally adaptable protein family, it also appears to have several other functions. It can interact with a number of polyanionic proteins including actin, tubulin, Ca²⁺-calmodulin, and clathrin, and negatively charged lipids, and acquires structure on binding to them. It may act as a membrane actin-binding protein, which might allow it to participate in transmission of extracellular signals to the cytoskeleton in oligodendrocytes and tight junctions in myelin. Some size isoforms of MBP are transported into the nucleus and thus they may also bind polynucleotides. Extracellular signals received by myelin or cultured oligodendrocytes cause changes in phosphorylation of MBP, suggesting that MBP is also involved in signaling. Further study of this very abundant protein will reveal how it is utilized by the oligodendrocyte and myelin for different purposes. Received 2 March 2006; received after revision 12 April 2006; accepted 16 May 2006     

斯坦尼氏小体形态结构的季节性变化初步研究

该文对不同季节人工饲养的雌性鲫鱼斯坦尼氏小体的显微结构、亚显微结构及其形态计量学进行了初步研究.显微结构的研究表明,该小体中腺上皮细胞的多少、排列状况、胞核大小和染色深浅、胞质中分泌颗粒的多少和PAS反应的强弱等均随季节的更替而呈周期性变化.在亚显微结构上,可将该小体的腺上皮分泌细胞分为A、B、C、D、E、F等六种类型.根据各类细胞的细胞器的发达程度和分泌颗粒的多少等结构特征,我们认为:A型细胞是处于颗粒分泌前期的细胞,B型细胞是属于进入分泌阶段的细胞,D、E、F等三种类型的细胞则是处于萎缩或幼稚阶段的细胞,而C型细胞为正趋向成熟的细胞.春季仅见到A、B、C、D四种类型的细胞,夏季B型细胞所占的比例较多,冬季仅出现D、E、F三种类型的细胞.这种显微和亚显微结构随季节更替而变化的规律与形态计量学的研究结果相符.形态计量学上已测到的各项参数表明,春夏季的腺泡和腺上皮细胞处于发育成熟状态,秋季处于萎缩状态,而冬季呈恢复状态.此外,此文还从斯坦尼氏小体的降血钙功能讨论了它与性腺同步发育的关系.     

Nitric oxide produced by cumulus cells stimulates maturation of mouse oocytes

The effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitric oxide, on meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes was studied by injecting N^w-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) intra-peritoneal (ip), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, or culturing oocytes in the medium supplemented with L-NAME or hypoxanthine (HX) to arrest the spontaneous oocyte maturation in vitro. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of L-NAME by injecting 10 mg/kg ip on extrusion of the first polar body only could be reversed by injecting 2.5 mg/kg SNP with L-NAME simultaneously (P < 0.05). Half an hour later ten mice died when given 10 mg/kg SNP ip. The treatment of some concentrations of SNP (10^–7, 10^–6, 10^–5mol/L) significantly stimulated meiotic maturation to metaphase Ⅱ stages in cumulus enclosed oocytes in the presence of HX. However, other concentrations of SNP (10^–8, 10^–4, 10^–3 mol/L) had no effect on HX-arrested oocyte meiotic maturation. The optimal concentration of SNP on CEOs had no effect on DOs. The dose of 10^–3 mol/LL-NAME demonstrated a significant suppression in formation of PB₁, but not in GVBD. This inhibition was reversed by the addition of SNP. These results indicated that the physiological levels of NO produced by cumulus cells could stimulate meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes both in vivo and in vitro.     

Studies on molecular interactions between puerarin and PC liposomes

Fluorescence emission spectra, FTIR spectra, zeta potential measurements, and ab initio quantum calculation are used to study the interaction between puerarin and membranes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposome. The hydrophobic interactions cause the puerarin molecule to partition into lipid bilayers with its B-ring, and favor the displacement of acid-base equilibrium of puerarin towards the base form. Due to the hydrogen bond formation between the puerarin hydroxyl groups and polar groups of PC molecules on the water/membrane interface, puerarin can easily intercalate into the organized structure of phospholipids and modulate the membrane function. Our results reveal that the liposome membrane integrity is significantly higher compared with that of empty liposome.     

Effects of acetaldehyde and/or ethanol on neutral amino acid transport systems in microvillous brush border membrane vesicles prepared from human placenta

Summary At 20 mM of acetaldehyde, the activities of three transport systems of L-alanine distinguished by the difference in their cation dependence, namely 1) Na⁺-specific, 2) Li⁺-dependent, and 3) Na⁺-independent systems, were significantly reduced in a similar manner. Only the Li⁺-dependent system was selectively inhibited at toxic concentrations of acetaldehyde and ethanol.     

中华蚱蜢雄性附腺及储精囊的结构研究

采用光镜观察了中华蚱蜢的雄性附腺和储精囊的显微结构．结果表明，中华蚱蜢的雄性附腺左右对称．各由15根腺管组成，根据分泌物可分为5种类型：透明长腺管a，透明长腺管b，透明短腺管，白色腺管，乳白长腺管；储精囊为细长的管状，左右各一根，和附性腺缠绕在一起．