Cloning of a novel phosphateserine aminotransferase gene from a Triticum aestivum-Elytrigia elongatum alien substitution line with resistance to powdery mildew

Shannong 551, a T. aestivum-E, elongatum alien substitution line with resistance to powdery mildew, was inoculated with pathogenic spores of powdery mildew. The leaf samples were prepared 48 h after inoculation for scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that germination of spores and growth of young mycelia on leaves of Shannong 551 were suppressed at the early stage of infection. At the same time, RNAs were prepared from the leaves for the cloning of WRP1 and RPW2 by cDNA RDA and RACE technology. BLAST analysis of the sequences indicated that both WRP1 and RPW2 were novel genes. WRPI contains no complete ORE RPW2 contains the conserved structure domain of aminotransferase, and its DNA sequence shares high homology with genes of phosphateserine aminotransferase in many organisms. Therefore, it is speculated as a novel phosphateserine aminotransferase gene. The results of Northern blot suggested that expression of RPW2 occurred at the early stage of infection by powdery mildew. Southern blot using the probe of RPW2, in which there was strong hybridizing signals in both genome of Shannong 551 and E. elongatum, but not in those of Jinan 13 and Lumai No.5, indicated that RPW2 derived from the genome of E. elongatum.     

浮萍植物中一个衰老下调基因的初步鉴定

本报道对一个衰老下调基因的鉴定．从绿色和正在衰老的紫萍叶状体组织中分别提取总RNA，然后使用一个oligo—dT引物进行逆转录合成cDNA.cDNA用oligo—dT和简并引物进行PCR扩增，然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳．电泳后发现，一条cDNA带存在于由绿色组织而不存在于由正在衰老的组织所得到的样品中．将这一cDNA回收，克隆进T—vector并且进行了测序．Northern blot分析表明，该cDNA对应基因的表达受衰老调节而减少．根据第一个cDNA序列设计了一个特异性引物，进行RT-PCR扩增，并且克隆到另外一个部分cDNA．测序结果表明，第二个克隆具有与第一个cDNA相重叠的40bp的片段．将第一个cDNA序列与删去40bp重叠区的第二个cDNA序列连接，我们得到一个322个核苷酸的cDNA3'端部分序列．用BLASTN程序将该序列翻译后与NCBI non—redundant database中已知的蛋白进行比较，结果表明所克隆的cDNA代表的基因与光呼吸途径的丝氨酸-乙醛酸氨基转移酶编码基因有很高的相似性．     

Biological correlates of psychological states among young children: a cross-sectional examination of roles of aspartate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase,insulin, and cytokines

Compared to data on adolescents and adults, limited research has been conducted on biological corre- lates among young children with possible psychological difficulties, especially in Asian countries. By focusing on various peripheral biochemical indicators, we investigated potential biological correlates of psychological states in a community sample of Taiwanese school children aged 6-10 years. In total, 307 students （159 obese children and 148 normal-weight children） were selected from first- and fourth-grade school children in eight elementary schools in the Taipei metropolitan area in 2009. These children underwent a comprehensive health examination, including a physical examination, blood sample analysis, and questionnaire administration in a hospital. Differences in anthropometric and serum biochemical readings were compared between children with average and worse levels on each of the five psychological domains. We found that interleukin （IL）-1β [β = 1.29, 95 % confidence interval （CI） 0.50-2.09], IL-10 （β = 1.61, 95 % CI 〈0.01-3.24）, fasting blood glucose （β = 0.08, 95 % CI 0.01-0.15）, homocysteine （β = 0.63, 95 % CI 0.09-1.18）, and aspar- tate transaminase （AST） （β = 0.15, 95 % CI 〈0.01-0.31） were significantly positively associated with anxiety. In addition, IL-113, insulin, AST, and alanine aminotransam- inase （ALT） were significantly positively associated with depression. Anger and disruptive behaviors were also related to specific biological correlates. Specific biological correlates, including AST/ALT, cardiovascular disease- related variables, and specific cytokines, were linked to particular psychological states among young children in this Asian population. These might provide a route for better understanding the biological aspects of children＇s mental health and might contribute to research on diag- nostic or predictive biomarkers for psychiatric diseases in young children.     

西洋参在不同溶剂中对肝糖原相关指标的影响

目的　研究不同溶剂西洋参对小鼠肝糖原及其相关指标的影响。方法　分别以水和食用油为溶剂给予小鼠3 3 3、3 3 3 3和 10 0 0 0mg/kg同一种西洋参产品 ,3 0d后检测肝糖原、血糖、甘油三酯、极低密度脂蛋白和丙氨酸氨基转移酶等指标。结果　西洋参水溶剂 3 3 3mg/kg组小鼠肝糖原明显升高 (P <0 0 5) ,3 3 3 3、10 0 0 0mg/kg组甘油三酯和极低密度脂蛋白显著性下降 (P <0 0 5) ;西洋参油溶剂 3 3 3、3 3 3 3和 10 0 0 0mg/kg组均可降低小鼠丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,而对肝糖原及甘油三酯和极低密度脂蛋白影响无显著性 ;与水溶剂组比较 ,食用油组可使丙氨酸氨基转移酶显著性升高 (P <0 0 5) ,甘油三酯和极低密度脂蛋白显著性降低 (P <0 ,0 1) ,同时血糖也显著性升高 (P <0 0 1)。结论　食用油对小鼠的糖代谢及脂肪代谢有影响 ,选择其作溶剂应慎重     

大鼠实验性牙龈炎模型的制作及客观评定方法

目的对大鼠牙龈炎动物模型及炎症程度的评定指标进行研究。方法采用丝线缝扎大鼠牙颈部,辅以高 糖饮食造成牙龈炎模型,7 d后测定牙龈局部血流及龈沟液天冬氯酸转氨酶(AST)含量的变化。结果模型动物 牙龈充血红肿有溃疡和浅牙周袋形成。牙龈炎局部血流量和血流速度有一定程度的增加,但血细胞数升高更加显 著(P<0．05)．龈沟液AST较对照组有极显著的升高(P<0．001)。结论该模型为良好的牙龈炎动物模型,龈沟 液AST及局部微血流的改变均是反映牙龈炎发病程度的客观评定指标。     

定点突变技术在转氨酶改造中的应用

对定点突变技术进行简要介绍，并对此技术在改造转氨酶的活性、稳定性及底物特异性等方面的最新进展进行了综述。同时，也对定点突变技术的发展趋势进行了展望。以期能为该领域的研究人员提供有价值的参考。     

Relationship between alanine aminotransferase levels and metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective： To investigate the relationship between alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels and metabolic syndrome （MS） in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. Methods： A total of 26527 subjects who received medical health checkup in our hospital from January 2005 to July 2007 were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of fatty liver was based on ultrasound imaging. MS was defined according to the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III. ALT, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-c）, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, height, weight, waist circumference （WC）, systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP） were measured in each subject to analyze the relationship between MS and ALT activity Results： （1） The prevalence of NAFLD in men （30.94%） was significantly higher than that in women （15.65%）; （2） The incidence of MS in NAFLD （33.83%） was significantly greater than that in non-NAFLD （10.62%）; （3） Of the 6470 subjects with NAFLD, in the age-adjusted partial correlation analysis, there were statistically significant correlations between the ALT levels and most metabolic risk factors in each sex （P〈0.01）, except that ALT levels multiple stepwise regression analysis, SBP lost its significance, and had no correlation with HDL-c in women. Moreover, in the WC, body mass index （BMI）, age, DBP, TG and FPG were independently associated with ALT levels in both sexes （P〈0.05）. HDL-c remained significant and was independently related to ALT levels in men; （4） ALT levels were significantly higher in subjects with MS compared to those without MS （P〈0.001）. Mean ALT levels increased with the number of MS components in each sex （P〈0.05 for trend）. Conclusion： We found a strong relationship between ALT levels and MS in NAFLD and revealed that the cluster of MS components might be the predictor for ALT elevations.     

丙酮酸氧化酶在临床生化检验中的应用

阐述了丙酮酸氧化酶的来源、特性、基因克隆和在临床生化检验中的应用，包括丙酮酸、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙酮酸激酶、无机磷酸、3-巯基丙酮酸转硫酶和尿素等的测定。     

全氟辛酸在小鼠肝脂质过氧化损伤中的作用

确定全氟辛酸是否通过脂质过氧化造成小鼠肝脏的损伤.将小鼠随机分为4组,分别为空白组、1/16LD50、1/8LD50和1/4LD50组,染毒14 d后采用HE染色法观察肝脏病理变化,试剂盒法测定肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD);还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH);丙二醛(MDA)、血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量变化.HE染色观察到全氟辛酸染毒组肝组织损伤明显;试剂盒结果显示,与空白组相比,全氟辛酸组小鼠组织匀浆中SOD活性显著降低,MDA含量显著升高,GSH活性显著降低,均有统计学意义.全氟辛酸组小鼠血清中ALT和AST活性明显高于空白组(P<0.01),低剂量组小鼠血清ALP活性与空白组相比显著升高(P<0.05),高、中剂量组与空白组相比ALP活性有升高趋势,但是没有统计学意义.全氟辛酸通过脂质过氧化造成小鼠肝损伤.     

Temperature compensation in an ultradian rhythm of tyrosine aminotransferase activity inEuglena gracilis Klebs

Summary Tyrosine aminotransferase activity ofEuglena oscillates with an ultradian period of approximately 4–5 h. The oscillation frequency in the time series was determined by cosine fitting. Experiments which were performed between 16 and 31.5°C revealed temperature compensation.