重组人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)嵌合肽在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：在巴期德毕赤酵母中表达人巨细胞病毒gp52C末端和pp150C末端串联片段的嵌合肽，方法：用SacI和BglⅡ分别酶切CMVp-pPIC9K重组质粒，电打孔法导入毕赤酵母GS115后，在缺组氨酸的MD板上筛选出转化子，然后根据甲醇利用快速型（Mut^ ）和甲醇利用缓慢型(Mut^s）菌株的不同生长特点，筛选出Mut^ 和Mut^s型转化子，用PCR法进一步鉴定阳性克隆，分别用甲醇诱导Mut^ 和Mut^s型转化子表达目的蛋白4d，取培养产物冻干浓缩，进行SDS-PAGE和Western blotting，筛选出能特异表达目的的蛋白的菌株，分析蛋白的含量及纯度。结果：重组人巨细胞病毒可在甲醇利用快速型毕赤酵母中有效表达，其表达量约占培养上清分泌蛋白的76.5%，结论：重组人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）嵌合肽可在真核细胞毕赤酵母中成功表达。     

牡蛎低分子活性肽对人肺腺癌A549细胞形态与超微结构变化的影响

以牡蛎（Saccostrea cucullata）体内分离提取出的牡蛎天然低分子活性多肽（BPO-L，Bioactive Peptides of Oyster in Peak L）为效应物，观察研究BPO-L对人肺腺癌细胞形态和超微结构的影响．光镜观察显示经0．1mg／mL BPO-L处理后的A549细胞体积增大，趋于扁平铺展状态，细胞核质比例变小，核仁数量减少．透射电镜观察显示经0．1mg／mL BPO-L处理后的A549细胞核形态较规则，细胞核内异染色质减少，常染色质增多；细胞质内线粒体数量增多，结构较为一致，高尔基体呈较为典型发达状态，并出现粗面内质网增多和多聚核糖体减少等变化．结果表明，BPO-L能有效改变人肺腺癌细胞的恶性形态与超微结构特征，对肺癌细胞具有一定的诱导分化作用．     

植物叶蛋白的研究

随着世界人口的剧增和人们生活水平的提高,人类对优质蛋白质的需求越来越大,加速新蛋白质资源的开发势在必行.植物叶蛋白因具有来源广泛、营养丰富、不含动物性胆固醇等特点而备受关注.叶蛋白酶解技术的研究可改善植物叶蛋白青草味重、溶解性差等功能上的不足. 综述了近年来植物叶蛋白的制备方法,叶蛋白及叶蛋白肽的营养特性,并阐述了叶蛋白肽的研究展望,以促进国内叶蛋白及叶蛋白肽的研究与开发.     

4种促性腺激素释放激素抗体的制备、鉴定和纯化

用3-马来酰亚胺基苯甲酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(MBS)法将人工合成的4种不同来源的促性腺激素释放激(GnRH)(即章鱼GnRH、海鞘GnRH-Ⅰ、七鳃鳗GnRH-Ⅰ和七鳃鳗GnRH-Ⅲ)分别与匙孔戚血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联后作为抗原,免疫新西兰大白兔获得GnRH抗体.用间接ELISA方法检测抗血清效价,并用Western blot鉴定其特异性.制备抗原肽亲和纯化柱,纯化多克隆抗体.结果显示,4种多克隆抗体效价高达1∶500 000(体积比),并能和相应的GnRH多肽特异性结合,纯化后的抗体在SDS-PAGE显示为单一条带.通过上述方法,获得4种高效价、高纯度的GnRH抗体,为低等动物GnRH的研究提供了理论依据.     

文蛤蛋白水解制备抗氧化活性肽的研究

以文蛤蛋白为原料,通过蛋白酶水解制备抗氧化活性肽.利用体外清除DPPH活性评价酶解产物的抗氧化活性,采用超滤、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析和HPLC对相应的活性肽进行分离纯化,通过HPLC-MS进行结构鉴定.结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶水解产物的DPPH清除活性明显高于碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶,产物质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1时,DPPH清除率为55.74%;以DPPH清除率为筛选指标,对木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物进行逐级分离,得到4个具有抗氧化活性的目的肽段,氨基酸序列分别为LNFNLEKSR(1120.3 u)、SWLRPR(814.4 u)、RIGNIISQY(1063.3 u)和LNFNLEK(877.2 u).     

使用伪氨基酸组成和BP神经网络预测类弹性蛋白多肽的相变温度

根据获得的16条ELP序列及相变温度的数据,利用伪氨基酸组成方法提取其序列特征值.将伪氨基酸组成中的相关系数部分作为类弹性蛋白的特征向量,从类弹性蛋白序列出发,利用最小中位方差回归,找出与其序列相关系数的最佳阶数.运用均匀设计法,分别对支持向量机与BP神经网络参数进行优化.结果表明:BP神经网络获得的预测模型最佳,相变...     

Biosynthesis, immunity, regulation, mode of action and engineering of the model lantibiotic nisin

This review discusses the state-of-the-art in molecular research on the most prominent and widely applied lantibiotic, i.e., nisin. The developments in understanding its complex biosynthesis and mode of action are highlighted. Moreover, novel applications arising from engineering either nisin itself, or from the construction of totally novel dehydrated and/or lanthionine-containing peptides with desired bioactivities are described. Several challenges still exist in understanding the immunity system and the unique multiple reactions occurring on a single substrate molecule, carried out by the dehydratase NisB and the cyclization enzyme NisC. The recent elucidation of the 3-D structure of NisC forms the exciting beginning of further 3-D-structure determinations of the other biosynthetic enzymes, transporters and immunity proteins. Advances in achieving in vitro activities of lanthionine-forming enzymes will greatly enhance our understanding of the molecular characteristics of the biosynthesis process, opening up new avenues for developing unique and novel biocatalytic processes. Received 9 April 2007; received after revision 31 August 2007; accepted 28 September 2007     

Zinc binding to peptide analogs of the structural zinc site in alcohol dehydrogenase: Implications for an entatic state

Zinc binding to the peptide replica and analogs to residues 93–115 of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was examined by competition of the peptides and the chromophoric chelator 4-(2- pyridylazo)resorcinol for zinc and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the zinc ligands. In the enzyme, zinc is coordinated by four Cys residues. In the peptide replica, zinc is bound to three Cys and one His residue. A four-Cys zinc coordination is observed only when His is removed, leading to increased zinc stability. ADH crystal structures reveal that the ε-amino group of the conserved residue Lys323 is within H-bond distance of the backbone amide oxygens of residues 103, 105 and 108, likely stabilizing the zinc coordination in the enzyme. The peptide data thus indicate structural strain and increased energy in the zinc-binding site in the protein, characteristic of an entatic state, implying a functional nature for this zinc site. Received 3 July 2008; received after revision 11 August 2008; accepted 1 September 2008     

Antimicrobial skin peptides and proteins

Human skin is permanently exposed to microorganisms, but rarely infected. One reason for this natural resistance might be the existence of a ‘chemical barrier’ consisting in constitutively and inducibly produced antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). Many of these AMPs can be induced in vitro by proinflammatory cytokines or bacteria. Apart from being expressed in vivo in inflammatory lesions, some AMPs are also focally expressed in skin in the absence of inflammation. This suggests that non-inflammatory stimuli of endogenous and/or exogenous origin can also stimulate AMP synthesis without inflammation. Such mediators might be ideal ‘immune stimulants’ to induce only the innate antimicrobial skin effector molecules without causing inflammation. Received 9 August 2005; received after revision 21 October 2005; accepted 16 November 2005     

基于免疫学的入侵检测系统模型

随着网络安全问题日益突出 ,入侵检测越来越受到关注 ,针对目前各种类型的防火墙和防病毒软件都存在一定的缺陷 ,该文基于仿生学的免疫原理 ,将肽链定义为在网络操作系统中由授权程序执行的系统调用短序列 ,提出了一种新型的入侵检测系统———基于免疫学的入侵检测系统 ,并对其主要功能模块 :免疫计算机和监控器进行了分析。该系统可有效地提高系统实时检测和响应入侵的能力