Goniothalamicin and annonacin: Bioactive acetogenins fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae)

Summary Using brine shrimp lethality for activity-directed fractionation, goniothalamicin (I), a new tetrahydroxy-mono-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid -lactone (acetogenin), has been isolated from ethanolic extracts of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae). This novel compound was found to be cytotoxic and insecticidal and inhibited the formation of crown gall tumors on potato discs. Annonacin (II), the only other reported mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, was also isolated; the previously reported 9ASK (astrocytoma reversal) activity ofII was confirmed, andII is now also found to be weakly active against 3PS murine leukemia.     

Gigantecin: A novel antimitotic and cytotoxic acetogenin,with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings,fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae)

Summary Gigantecin (I), a novel tetrahydroxy-di-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid -lactone (acetogenin), was isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae), by means of activity-directed fractionation (brine shrimp lethality test). This new compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells, inhibits crown gall tumors on potato discs, and is active in an assay designed to detect antimitotic agents (9 ASK).     

高位池对虾精养技术及病害防治Ⅰ.高位池种类、结构

中国大陆对虾高位池对虾养殖自1994年在广东徐闻县首次试验成功以来已有10a历史,在广东、广西、海南三省区获得了成功并得到快速发展,平均单产凡纳滨对虾9000 kg/hm2,最高单产达30000 kg/hm2以上.地膜养虾模式自1998年在我国大陆创立以来也得到较快的发展,在传统池改造中愈加发挥重要作用.笔者将10年来从事高位精养虾池(简称高位池)及地膜精养虾池养虾经验及研究予以总结.详细介绍了高位虾池及地膜虾池结构包括进水系统、排水系统、增氧系统等,并对高位精养虾池及地膜精养虾池的养殖管理及病害防治技术作了系统介绍.     

The freshwater shrimps of the genera Caridina and Parisia from karst caves of Sulawesi Selatan,Indonesia, with descriptions of three new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae)

The present study reports on collections of hypogean freshwater atyid shrimps of the genera Caridina Milne Edwards, 1837 Milne Edwards, H. 1837. Histoire naturalle des Crustacés, Comprenant l'Anatomie, la Physiologie et la Classification de ces Animaux, Vol. 2, 1–532. Paris (France): Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret.  [Google Scholar], and Parisia Holthuis, 1956 Holthuis, L. B. 1956. The troglobic Atyidae of Madagascar (Crudtacea, Decapoda, Natantia), Mem Inst Sci Madagascar ser.. A., 11: 97–110.  [Google Scholar], obtained from the karst caves and associated epigean waters of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Six species of Caridina were present, of which two are new to science and one is new to Sulawesi, as well as one new species of Parisia. Types of Caridina pareparensis De Man, 1892 De Man, J. G. 1892. Decapoden des Indischen Archipels.. Zool Ergebn Reise Niederland Ost‐Ind., 2: 265–527. pl. 15–29 [Google Scholar], and C. pareparensis parvidentata Roux, 1904 Roux, J. 1904. Décapodes d'eau douce de Cèlébes (Genres Caridina et Potamon).. Rev Suisse Zool., 12(3): 539–572. pl. 9 [Google Scholar], were re‐examined and redescribed; lectotypes for both taxa are designated. Caridina pareparensis parvidentata is here regarded as a distinct species. The new taxa are described, figured and compared with congeners.     

海洋真菌杀虫活性的初步研究

对采集自浙江舟山海域底泥、福建省九龙江口红树林及福建省云霄县红树林共188株海洋真菌代谢产物的杀小杆线虫（Rhabditis sp．）和卤虫（brineshrimp）活性进行初步研究．筛选出#164菌株代谢产物对小杆线虫显示了较好的杀害活性，其LC90小于0．5mg／mL．#122菌株代谢产物对卤虫显示了较强的麻痹效应．#305菌株代谢产物对卤虫的LG。仅为75μg／mL．此外，对188株海洋真菌代谢产物的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性进行研究．筛选出#229菌株代谢产物和#170菌株代谢产物具有较强的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,IC50分别为30／μg／mL和25／μg／mL．这些活性菌株具有产生杀线虫剂或乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的特性．     

东海北部主要经济虾类渔业生物学的比较研究

本文根据1986—1992年东海北部拖虾调查及虾类资源动态监测调查资料,分析了10种群体数量大、经济价值高的虾类的渔业生物学特性,比较了各群体的体长、体重组成,体长与体重的关系以及繁殖、生长等特点,阐明其规律性及异同关系,为合理利用本海域的虾类资源提供科学依据。     

东海岛北寮高位虾池养殖过程细菌数量变化及其对抗生素的耐药性

采用平板计数法研究了湛江东海岛北寮村3个高位虾池养殖过程水体和沉积物的可培养细菌与弧菌(Vibrio)的数量变化,并利用纸片扩散法测定了分离自虾场环境细菌对12种抗生素的耐药性.结果表明,调查的养殖过程中,2个虾池水体细菌与弧菌数量变化呈单峰趋势,9月份达到峰值;虾池沉积物以及水源地中细菌与弧菌数量变化无明显的规律.BL1样池沉积物细菌和弧菌数均与氨氮呈显著正相关(p0.05),水中的弧菌数与硝酸盐氮呈显著正相关(p0.05);虾池细菌、弧菌数与多数调查的生态因子之间相关性不显著(p0.05).虾场环境细菌的抗生素耐药性测定结果显示,分离菌株对12种抗生素的耐药性差异显著(p0.05),细菌对氨苄青霉素耐药性最高,在对照水源地沉积物中高达80.65%,其次为先锋Ⅴ和甲氧苄胺嘧啶,而对左氟沙星、环丙沙星、多黏菌素B均敏感;样地水体和沉积物细菌对抗生素表现出相似的耐药性谱,两者的细菌耐药性呈显著正相关(p0.05);养殖虾池与对照水源地的细菌耐药性差异不显著(p0.05);对照水源地BL4沉积物中细菌耐药性显著高于水体(p0.05);3个样地细菌对抗生素均表现出较高的多重耐药性(MAR).     

熟冻南美白对虾凤尾虾仁的工艺与质量管理

报告了熟冻南美白对虾凤尾虾仁的工艺流程及操作要点,探讨了加工工艺中的危害分(HACCP)及卫生标准操作规范(SSOP)的管理措施.     

广西废弃虾塘红树林恢复时的纳潮生态混养探索研究

为了在废弃虾塘红树林恢复中获得一定的经济效益,2017年2月到2020年1月在广西防城港1.192 7 hm²的废弃虾塘内进行7种肉食性和2种杂食性鱼类的纳潮生态混养试验研究。在塘底挖掘0.8-1.2 m深的庇护沟、水面设置植物遮阴浮床、塘内设红树林造林监测样地。在塘底基础水位设为0.5 m深的条件下,年均渔获生物量为691 kg/（hm²·a）,饵料综合效率为35.09%。3年中9种鱼类成活率、占渔获总尾数和占总生物量比例最高的均是黄鳍鲷（Sparus latus）,分别达到38.16%、65.2%和35.28%。2020年1月的全捕渔获显示,鲻鱼（Mugil cephalus）、斑鰶（Clupanodon punctatus）和灰鳍鲷（Sparus berda）等野生经济鱼苗可随潮水进入塘内生长,个体数可占渔获总尾数的16.9%。在全日潮15 d的潮汐周期中,塘底淹水日数小于6 d时木榄幼苗可正常生长,成活率93.5%。扩大废弃虾塘红树林恢复及生态养殖的规模可有效降低成本,提高社会对红树林良好环境及高质量产品的认识,可显著增加经济效益。     

采用正交设计和响应曲面设计法优化芦苇随机扩增多态DNA体系

采用正交设计和响应曲面设计(RSD)优化适合于芦苇[Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin.ex steud]增多态DNA(RAPD)的反应体系,结果确定芦苇RAPD反应体系的最佳方案为：在PCR扩增程序,冷启动,94℃变性1min,36℃复性90s,72℃延伸2min,40个循环;72℃延伸7min,4℃保存;25μl反应体系包括模板DNA 60ng、三磷酸脱氧核苷酸(dNTP)7．5mmol、Taq酶1．5u、引物5pmol。