平菇原种培养中木屑替代玉米芯的可行性研究

为寻找平菇原种制作中可用于替代玉米芯的材料,以减轻因玉米芯供应稀缺而造成的生产压力,进行了木屑替代玉米芯的试验。结果:平菇菌丝在木屑含量不同的培养基中长速和长势存在差异,与对照相比,木屑有促进平菇菌丝生长的作用,在木屑含量在25～30%时效果最好,木屑量达40～45%时,菌丝生长情况下降,但与对照持平,木屑量再增加,达到50～60%,即几乎全部替代原种培养基中的玉米芯时,菌丝早期长势差,后期长势向好,但满瓶时间稍长。结论:一定比例的木屑代替玉米芯是可行的,亦可通过培养基中不同比例的木屑来调整原种生理成熟时间,以方便实际应用。     

芝麻秸秆栽培平菇试验研究

芝麻在我国是重要的油料作物之一,栽培面积较广,每年可产生大量秸秆。寻求经济有效利用芝麻秸秆是解决当前其被废弃闲置和污染环境的最佳途径。平菇是优质食用菌,腐解有机质的能力强。为了解芝麻秸秆栽培食用菌的效果,特以平菇为栽培对象,以不同比例芝麻秸秆替换传统平菇栽培主料棉籽壳,配制多组培养基,通过测定菌丝生长速度、长势及头茬菇产量来判别芝麻秸秆的影响效果。结果:培养基中芝麻秸秆比例越高,平菇菌丝生长状态愈好,头茬菇产量越高。由此得出结论:芝麻秸秆对平菇生长具有促进作用,用芝麻秸秆主料培养基或用一定比例的芝麻秸秆配制培养基栽培平菇可获得较好的产量。     

固相萃取净化分析牡蛎中有机氯农药

文中针对牡蛎中的有机氯农药,采用固相萃取小柱Florisil柱净化,达到了较好的净化效果。对固相萃取净化条件进行讨论的结果表明,体积比为95∶5的正己烷-丙酮作为洗脱溶剂,洗脱速率为1.5mL/min时,16种有机氯农药回收率较高,为95%～106%。该方法 简单、快速、溶剂无毒且用量少,是一种环境友好的样品净化方法。     

紫外辐射诱导牡蛎细胞DNA损伤的单细胞凝胶电泳检测

以牡蛎为研究对象,建立了水产动物DNA损伤的单细胞凝胶电泳检测方法.分别以20W紫外灯距离30 cm照射牡蛎血液细胞30、60和120 s,然后用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测细胞DNA的损伤.结果表明:未照射的细胞未受损伤,在电场中核DNA几乎不泳动,染色后呈圆形的荧光团,无拖尾现象.紫外照射后细胞核DNA均不同程度受损,且拖尾率、尾长、尾矩、Olive尾矩等指标值均随着照射时间加长而增加,DNA损伤程度与紫外照射时间之间存在明显的时间效应关系.研究结果为我国海洋环境中辐射防护研究和辐射毒理学检测提供新的研究方法和思路.     

Cloning and characterization of 37 kD laminin receptor precursor in pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata

A 1063 bp cDNA clone encoding a putative 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor （37 kDa LRP） is isolated from the mantle tissue of pearl oyster, Pinctadafucata. The amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA sequence is 301 residues long, with a calculated molecular mass of 33.5 kDa. RT-PCR analysis shows that 37 kDa LRP mRNA is especially highly expressed in the mantle while widely expressed in several tissues. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that 37 kDa LRP is expressed in the outer epithelial ceils of the mantle edge, suggesting its involvement in cell proliferation and secretion in P. fucata. The identification and characterization of 37 kDa LRP in the pearl oyster will help us to further understand the signal transduction in the processes of mantle epithelial cell proliferation and tissue formation.     

厦门同安湾牡蛎养殖容量的估算

根据同安湾水质、污染源调查数据及相关研究结果,以COD为污染因子,建立收支养殖容量模型,并从同安湾污染物容纳量的角度对同安湾的牡蛎养殖容量进行综合估算.     

Partial Purification and Properties of an Acid Phosphatase from Pearl Oyster Pinctada Fucata

IntroductionAcid phosphatase ( ACP,EC 3.1 .3.2 ) andalkaline phosphatase ( ALP,EC 3.1 .3.1 ) havebeen found to exist widely in the biosphere frombacteria to plants,animals and humans[18] .Thetwo enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of variousphosphate containing compounds and act astransphosphorylases at acid- and alkaline- p Hvalue.In our lab,an alkaline phosphatase fromthe pearl oyster Pinctada fucata has been purifiedand some of its kinetics has been studied[9] .　Acid phosphatases actas ma…     

A new lysozyme from the eastern oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea virginica</Emphasis>) indicates adaptive evolution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">i</Emphasis>-type lysozymes

A new lysozyme (cv-lysozyme 2) with a MALDI molecular mass of 12 984.6 Da was purified from crystalline styles and digestive glands of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and its cDNA sequenced. Quantitative real time RT-PCR detected cv-lysozyme 2 gene expression primarily in digestive gland tissues, and in situ hybridization located cv-lysozyme 2 gene expression in basophil cells of digestive tubules. Cv-lysozyme 2 showed high amino acid sequence similarity to other bivalve mollusk lysozymes, including cv-lysozyme 1, a lysozyme recently purified from C. virginica plasma. Differences between cv-lysozyme 2 and cv-lysozyme 1 molecular characteristics, enzymatic properties, antibacterial activities, distribution in the oyster body and site of gene expression indicate that the main role of cv-lysozyme 2 is in digestion. While showing that a bivalve mollusk employs different lysozymes for different functions, findings in this study suggest adaptive evolution of i type lysozymes for nutrition. Received 30 August 2006; received after revision 14 October 2006; accepted 6 November 2006     

有机酸沉淀法分离牡蛎中的糖原和蛋白质

研究了有机酸对牡蛎匀浆中糖原和蛋白质分离效果的影响。采用有机酸溶液对牡蛎匀浆进行处理,离心后得到富含蛋白质的沉淀和糖原含量相对较高的上清液,以达到分离牡蛎中糖原和蛋白质目的。通过单因素实验和正交试验得到的优化工艺条件为:牡蛎匀浆与0.5mol/L的乙酸溶液的料(g)液(mL)比为1∶3,将pH值调至7.0,60℃下搅拌30min,最后5000r/min离心10min。在此优化条件下得到的沉淀中蛋白质质量比为62.1%,占总蛋白质的59.6%；糖原质量比为2.21%,占总糖原的5.5%。上清液中蛋白质质量比为19.4%,占总蛋白质的29.7%；糖原质量比为23.8%,占总糖原的93.5%。研究结果表明,乙酸沉淀法可有效分离牡蛎中的糖原和蛋白质。