A carbon- and oxygen-isotope record of recent environ- mental change from Qinghai Lake, NE Tibetan Plateau

An understanding of natural climatic variability is essential for evaluating anthropogenic impacts on recent and future climate[1—3]. Due to the lack of lengthy instrumental records, such an understanding must be gained from natural archives of climate change. Palaeolimnological indicators of past lake levels may provide a sensitive record of changes in effective precipitation in closed basins. This approach is particularly relevant on the Tibetan Plateau, where instrumental records are very…     

三水盆地古近纪早期微体生物群及其古环境意义

 对三水盆地SB-01钻孔下古近系地层进行了微体化石分析,共发现介形类7属10种,分布于5个层位;轮藻化石9属15种,见于3个层位。根据介形类和轮藻化石的分布、丰度和分异度变化,讨论了三水盆地古近纪早期的古环境变化。分析结果表明,三水盆地古近纪早期可划分为4个环境演化阶段。阶段A（89.0~75.5 m）：气候较干燥,水体较浅的半咸水环境;阶段B（75.5~53.5 m）：气候温暖潮湿为主,湖平面上升,水体盐度仍较高;阶段C（53.5 ~ 21.0 m）：温湿－干旱气候条件交替出现,湖平面和水体盐度波动频繁;阶段D（21.0 ~ 5.2 m）：气候温暖湿润为主,水体较深,湖水逐渐淡化,相应于湖盆发育盛期。     

Recent species of the Family Candonidae (Ostracoda,Crustacea) from the ancient Lake Biwa,Central Japan

Sampling of Lake Biwa between November 1997 and February 2007 has revealed a diverse Candonidae fauna consisting of 18 species. Eleven are previously undescribed species, belonging to the genera Fabaeformiscandona (nine species), Pseudocandona (one species) and Cypria (one species), and 10 of these are potentially endemic to the lake. In total there are 12 Fabaeformiscandona species in the lake belonging to two sub‐groups based on the number of setae on the mandible palp, the fabaeformis‐group (10 species) and the acuminata‐group (two species). Including the new Fabaeformiscandona species described herein, Lake Biwa is home to 19% of the approximately 62 described living species of this genus known globally. Although, the new Fabaeformiscandona species are potentially endemic, they do not show a microevolutionary pattern similar to that suggested for the Tanganyikan Cyprideis species flock.     

Recurrence of Yuan Dynasty sluice from Zhidanyuan relics and paleostream evolution

The excavation of Shanghai Zhidanyun relics makes the recurrence of a splendid Yuan Dynasty sluice. It is a good example for the study of Shanghai history in the Wusongjiang River irrigation, the ancient shipping and the town development. Based on the data of microfossil Pediastrum,Zygnema, Concentricystes, diatom, foraminifera and ostracods from the sediment section of the relics, the paleostrcam change after the construction of the sluice was guessed. The paleastream was influenced by the sea water due to the connection with the sea in the earlier stage. The upstream of the sea water was enhanced in the middle stage that was indicated by the increase of marine diatoms and foraminifera.The decrease of marine diatoms and foraminifera in abundance reflected that the connection of the paleostream with the sea was reduced, and the sea influence was decreased gradually in the later stage.     

Two new Sarsiellinae (Ostracoda: Myodocopa) from Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia), with a cladistic analysis of the subfamily and keys to genera

Two new Sarsiellinae from Ningaloo Reef, Spinacopia ningalooi sp. nov., and Metasarsiella caleyi sp. nov. are described. Spinacopia ningalooi is the first representative of the genus collected from a coral reef. It differs from the other species by its odd looking posterior infold. Metasarsiella caleyi sp. nov. is the first species of the genus reported from Australia. Keys to species of Spinacopia Kornicker, 1969 Kornicker, LS. 1969. Morphology, Ontogeny, and Intraspecific Variation of Spinacopia, a new genus of myodocopid ostracod (Sarsiellidae). Smith Contr Zool., 8: 50 [Google Scholar] and Metasarsiella Kornicker, 1991 Kornicker, LS. 1991. Myodocopid Ostracoda from Enewetak and Bikini Atolls. Smith Contr Zool., 505: 140 [Google Scholar], and to all the genera of Sarsiellinae are given here, together with an inventory of all the species and information on their distributions and biology. The results of two cladistic analyses (with unweighted and with weighted characters) of the subfamily based on 138 species and 34 morphological characters are presented. The first analysis resulted in seven equally parsimonious trees and the second in just one. The majority rule of the first group of trees and the tree from the second analysis are presented here.     

Hydrologic and climatic implications of a multi－disciplinary study of the mid to late Holocene Lake Eastern Juyanze

A mid to late Holocene exposure in a recently desiccated lake basin in western Inner Mongolia was inves-tigated with regard to palaeoenvir onmental changes and theoverall climatic conditions in NW China between 2.7 and 5.4 cal. ka BP. High lake levels of Lake Eastern Juyanze were recorded by ostracod assemblages, shell geochemistry and sedimentology between 5.1 and 4.1 cal. ka BP. Relatively bumid conditions and a relatively strong influence of the Asian monsoon are indicated by palynological data for the corresponding period. Lake levels decreased afterwards and short-term regressive events occurred at about 4.1, 3.8 and 3.4 cal. ka BP. The overall trend towards lower lake levels culminated in repeated episodes of desiccation of Lake East-ern Juyanze between 3.2 and 2.9 cal. ka BP, in phase with very arid conditions inferred from the palynological record.Individual regressive events as well as the rapid environ-mental fluctuations of Lake Eastern Juyanze at about 3.0 cal.ka BP were regarded as driven by mid to late Holocene summer monsoon fluctuations, supported by the Dunde ice core record.     

Carpospore release in a species of Polysiphonia

Intertidal algae from rockpools at different tidal heights, along with Laminaria holdfasts and samples of sublittoral algae were collected from both the sheltered and exposed side of Filey Brigg, North Yorkshire. Samples of sediments were also collected from MLWS on the sheltered shore. A total of 1091 individual ostracods, consisting of 32 species, from 20 genera and 12 families, were identified from 15 sites along the Brigg in July 1996. The current study lists the occurrence of thirteen species previously unrecorded for the Yorkshire coast, and confirms presence of three species that were thought to have a general distribution around the British Isles. The seven Paradoxostoma species showed distinct zonation patterns on both the sheltered and exposed shore. Paradoxostoma ensiforme and P. variabile were only found intertidally, P. hibernicum decreased numerically down shore, and P. bradyi and P. abbreviatum were only found in low shore, Laminaria holdfast or sublittoral samples. This pattern was also seen in many other species, e.g. Xestoleberis aurantia, which only occurred in the intertidal phytal samples, whereas others were only found sublittorally, e.g. Sclerochilus truncatus. Cytherois fischeri, Paradoxostoma robinhoodi, Hemicytherura cellulosa, Leptocythere psammophila, Semicytherura sella and Sclerochilus gewermuelleri were found on the exposed shore only and Cuneocythere semipunctata only occurred on the sheltered shore. Apart from these differences in distribution, the other species occurred on both sides of the Brigg, with only minor differences in density. Some species were more numerous on the sheltered shore (e.g. Heterocythereis albomaculata), whereas others occurred in higher frequencies on the exposed shore (e.g. P. hibernicum). However, there was no marked difference in assemblage structure between the sheltered and exposed side of Filey Brigg. The intertidal phytal assemblages then showed a high degree of similarity. However the sublittoral assemblages were markedly dissimilar from the high-shore assemblages and there was little similarity between the intertidal phytal and sediment assemblages. Although some species occurred in both habitats, e.g. Cythere lutea, others were only found in either one or the other. The phytal assemblages had a higher species richness of ostracods and were more diverse than the sediment assemblages. However, there was no correlation between phytal ostracod species diversity and tidal height, or between diversity and sediment content of the algae. The Yorkshire coast ostracod fauna is compared and contrasted with that previously described by other workers from southern and western Britain.