Innovation on Petroleum Engineering Technology of China Beach and Shallow Water Areas

1Chinaoffshoreoil&gasresourcesandtheircharacteristicfeatures　Chinaoffshoreoil&gasexplorationstartedduringthe1 95 0s .Until 1 971 ,thecommercialHai 4fieldwasfoundinBohai.Subsequentlytwoproductionplatformswereconstruc ted ,thefirstChinaoffshoreoilfieldwasformed .Fromthenon ,Chinaoffshoreoil&gasexplorationandexploitationspeedbecameprogressivelyfaster.Afteralargeamountofexplorationwork ,theoilandgasresourcesinChinacoastalareasweremadeclearpreliminarily .AccordingtoState sSecondaryResourceEva…     

最优化法在计算平台破损后浮态及初稳性中的应用

提出了一种用优化方法求解平台破损进水后浮态和初稳性的方法,并用所编制的计算机程序对平台破损后的浮态和初稳性进行了计算。文中给出了某一平台在下沉就位过程中的计算实例,计算结果表明:利用优化方法来求解平台破损进水后的浮态和初稳性是切实可行的.     

恢复坎儿井输水系统功在当代利在千秋

文章简述了坎儿井输水系统的优缺点，及在干旱地区农业发展中的重要作用。要恢复、发展坎儿井输水系统，全面认识到坎儿井输水系统在新疆干旱区绿洲农业发展中的重要意义。     

浅埋煤层开采中的溃沙灾害研究

分析了浅埋煤层开采的水文条件和工程地质条件，得出了浅埋煤层发生渍沙灾害必须具备的4个条件；根据浅埋煤层中组合关键层的一些参数分析了老顶破断岩块的运动规律，判断了浅埋煤层开采中岩块是否发生回转失稳，探讨了岩块回转触矸后发生滑落失稳的可能性，计算了断裂岩块端角接触面高度，得出了满足裂隙滤沙的合理端角接触面高度；大柳塔1203工作面开采只发生了涌水而未溃沙，这和理论计算的结论基本一致．参8．     

Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau

Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden.     

木兰溪两岸浅井水对紫露草四分体微核率的影响

采用紫露草四分体微核技术,对莆田木兰溪下游河溪水和饮用的浅井水进行致突变性监测。结果表明,１０份河溪水能明显诱发紫露草四分体微核率的增高;与对照组相比１０份浅井水也均不同程度提高了四分体微核效应,８份已达到显著或极显著水平（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）,且与诱发的紫竹梅四分体微核效应显著相关,ｒ＝０．９７７７。说明浅井水内存在致植物细胞染色体畸变物质,提示当地居民上消化道肿瘤高发与饮水污染有一定相     

大柳塔煤矿12305工作面覆岩活动规律的相似模拟

为了研究薄基岩浅埋煤层开采过程中覆岩活动规律,利用相似材料模型法,对大柳塔煤矿12305工作面进行了相似模拟实验,得出了薄基岩浅埋煤层开采过程中覆岩活动特点.结果表明,薄基岩浅埋煤层开采的覆岩活动规律与常规开采顶板活动规律存在根本区别,应该有其自身的开采理论指导现场生产.     

胜利油田浅海石油平台防污染系统

对海洋防污染技术现状及发展趋势进行了描述,同时介绍了胜利浅海石油平台防止海洋污染的主要做法,并对浅海石油平台防污染系统的发展提出了几点建议。     

Investigation on the Cause of Excessive Vibration of an Offshore Platform

0　IntroductionWiththeexploitureanddrillingforoceanre source,offshore platformsaremost prolificandprevalentintheoffshoreindustrytoday .Asthefun damentalinstallationsofdevelopmentofoceanre sources ,designingrequirementsofoffshoreplatformsarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Underenvironmentalloadsduetowind ,cur rent ,waveandevenseismicprotectionattack ,off shoreplatformsinevitablyvibrateduringtheirlife time .While ,foranormalconditionthisvibrationissmallandtheoccupantsontheplatformdon tsenseitatall.…     

海上钻井生产过程中的环境污染及其治理

在海上钻井的生产过程中会产生大量的固体废弃物、废水、废气及噪声污染,将对作业海域造成一定的危害。本文就海上钻井过程中的污染及其治理进行必要的论述。