Observational study of the circulation in the southern South China Sea

CTD data from two oceanographic survey cruises, conducted by “Shiyan No. 3” R/V during two reversing monsoons, were employed to calculate and analyze the distributions of temperature, salinity and geopotential anomaly in the southern South China Sea (SSCS). Based on these distributions, the horizontal structures of the SSCS circulation are described systematically. Study results show that the SSCS circulation structure could be classified as a two-layer (the upper and the lower) pattern, and that the main circulation in the upper layer (0–400 m) is driven by the South China Sea monsoons and is opposite in direction to the reversal of the monsoons. The distributions of principal current systems and their features are presented. Two important local phenomena, local eddy and oceanic front, were observed.     

洋壳向陆壳下俯冲运动的流变学数学模型

洋壳向陆壳下俯冲是板块运动的一种基本形式,用数理方法研究它有助于深刻认识它的运动机制。考虑了地质体的流变性质,推导并建立了洋壳向陆壳下俯冲的流变学数学模型。     

深海泥的矿物组成及其物化性能研究

采用化学分析、X射线衍射、差热和热重分析、粒度与比表面积分析等技术、方法对5个我国南海深海泥样品进行了研究.结果表明,不同区域的深海泥中,其矿物组成有显著的差异,其中粘土矿物、石英、碳酸盐为主要的结晶相矿物;同时,非晶质粘土矿物广泛发育.深海泥中的矿物质具有粒径小、比表面积大、粘土矿物结晶程度差等特点,因此具有较好的活性.深海泥将是一种巨大的潜在非金属矿产资源.     

风、浪、流联合作用下系统系泊力的时域计算方法

为解决海洋工程中系泊系统在风、浪、流联合作用下系泊力的计算问题 ,在时域内建立了一种计算防风水鼓系泊系统系泊力的方法。在分析波浪荷载时 ,使用了设计波法和非线性 Stokes五阶波 ,并由经验公式求出了船舶的风、流作用力。由准静态方法计算了初始条件后 ,在忽略了锚链和水鼓动态效应对船舶运动的影响的条件下 ,求解了系泊力和船舶的运动时历。再由二维集中质量法建立了锚链和水鼓的数学模型 ,用 Houbolt方法求解了锚链和水鼓的运动方程 ,并对系泊力进行了修正。模拟计算结果与经验公式计算结果吻合较好 ,且模拟计算的时域特征表现突出 ,建立的时域计算方法可用于防风水鼓系泊系统的系泊力计算     

Three new species of misophrioid copepods from oceanic islands

Three new species of misophrioid copepods are described from anchialine habitats on oceanic islands. Expansophria galapagensis n.sp. is described from two localities on Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Speleophria campaneri n.sp. from Ngamduk Cave, Angaur Island, Palau and S. scottodicarloi n.sp. from Chalk Cave on Bermuda.     

Diversity and dispersal history of the talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) of Bermuda

Five taxa of talitrid amphipods were found in the archipelago of Bermuda, of which three were recorded there for the first time. Four of these are supralittoral wrack generalists: Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402, (a unique Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit according to the Barcode Index Number system), a related species recognized by molecular methods, Platorchestia platensis BOLD:AAA2949, Mexorchestia carpenteri carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491 and Tethorchestia antillensis; and one a terrestrial leaf-litter generalist: Talitroides alluaudi. A key is provided to discriminate between the formally described talitrids of Bermuda. Dispersal mechanisms from the American continent to Bermuda were considered for all taxa based on species distributions along the North American Atlantic coast and also investigated by molecular methods, using genetic population differentiation and haplotype network analysis based on the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. For P. monodi BOLD:AAB3402 the genetic results suggest that some dispersal events occurred before human colonization of Bermuda but are equivocal about the source population and therefore the direction of dispersal. Some very recent synanthropic dispersal is possible with this species. For the other two species studied genetically, P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 and M. c. carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491, the small population samples analysed support dispersal to Bermuda from the American mainland, before human occupation of Bermuda, although the available sample size was limited for these species. The available limited direct, non-genetic evidence supports synanthropic transport for Talitroides alluaudi. Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402 is found in the same wrack habitat as P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 on Bermuda, apparently without interbreeding. No evidence was found that driftwood specialist talitrids had become established in Bermuda.     

Predicting the spread of nuclear radiation from the damaged Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

Japan suffered a M9.0 earthquake and massive tsunami on March 11, 2011, which seriously damaged the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant and caused a nuclear crisis. The spread of nuclear radiation from the power plant through the atmosphere and ocean was predicted with a short-term climate forecasting model and an ocean circulation model under some idealized assumptions. If nuclear matter were leaked in the near-ground layer of 992 hPa, the climate model results show that the nuclear radiation would cover North America 10 days after the initial leakage, with the concentration at the forefront dramatically reduced to 10 millionths of the initial model concentration at the source. The radiation would span Europe in 15 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 30 days. If the initial leakage was assumed to occur in the layer 5000-m above the ground, the radiation would cover Europe in 10 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 15 days. Moreover, under the assumption that the nuclear matter leaked in the 10000-m layer, the radiation would affect much of China after 10 days. The ocean circulation model indicates that the nuclear material would be slowly transported northeast of Fukushima and reach 150°E in 50 days, and the nuclear debris in the ocean would be confined to a narrow band. Compared with the spread in the ocean, the area affected by leaked nuclear radiation in the atmosphere would be very large. Atmospheric monitors in North America and Europe will be helpful for estimating the effect in China of any leaked nuclear material.     

藏北改则—色哇地区的蛇绿岩特征

藏北改则-色哇缝合带的蛇绿岩,与特罗多斯、岛湾的蛇绿岩剖面对比,区别是厚度小和缺乏席状岩墙。该区的变质超镁铁岩属阿尔卑斯橄榄岩-蛇纹岩组合,其化学成分与玄武岩互补,说明玄武岩浆系地幔岩分熔的产物。     

FZF3—1型海洋智能信息浮标系统的研制

采用性能优良、高可靠性低功耗的PC/104组成了数据采集处理系统，并针对国内外传感器的特点，设计出一系列硬件接口电路。通过卫星通信系统，将浮标所在站位的水文、气象资料等数据发送到地面接收站，提高了测量数据的可信度及浮标的在位安全性。     

冀北赤城红旗营子杂岩的地质特征及意义

运用野外地质填图、岩石地球化学分析以及同位素年龄等方法探讨冀北赤城红旗营子杂岩的岩石组合、构造属性、变质演化以及时代归属等特征,为重新划分冀北赤城的红旗营子群提供依据。结果显示红旗营子杂岩由云州表壳岩及其内部的退变榴辉岩、蛇纹岩(蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩)和蛇纹石化(橄榄)大理岩等透镜状构造岩块组成,它们一起经历了晚古生代(321~326 Ma B.P.)区域角闪岩相变质事件。其中,云州表壳岩的岩性主要为石榴黑云斜长片麻岩,原岩是形成于大陆岛弧环境的泥质(含泥质)砂岩,沉积作用发生在晚古生代(340~369Ma B.P.),属于晚古生代沉积-变质地层;石榴黑云斜长片麻岩之中的退变榴辉岩、蛇纹岩(蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩)和蛇纹石化(橄榄)大理岩等构造岩块应属"外来"的洋壳残片,成因上可能与古亚洲洋的洋壳向南俯冲消减有关。赤城红旗营子杂岩的岩石组合、构造属性、变质演化以及同位素地质年代学等特征明显不同于冀北其他地区的红旗营子群,冀北红旗营子群需要重新划分。