主因子模型的局部影响分析及其在地质中的应用

 应用局部影响分析方法,讨论了主因子模型中影响点的识别方法.给出了因子负荷矩阵,共同因子得分的系数矩阵等主因子模型中参数的诊断统计量,并将这一方法应用于地质数据中,以识别特殊地质数据及结构.     

Detection of the translational oscillations of the Earth''''s solid inner core based on the international superconducting gravimeter observations

Before about 100 years, the layered structures of the Earths body and the existence of the liquid core had been found, then the solid inner core and detailed structures in the interior of the Earth are demonstrated, it proves that the satisfied achievements had been obtained in recogni-tion of the Earths interior structures. In recent years, with the increasing requirements of the basic sciences and space techniques to geodynamics of the Earths interior, the theoretical study and practical de…     

The natural history of the parasitic wasp Trogus pennator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Host‐finding behaviour and a possible host countermeasure

The parasitic wasp Trogus pennator (Ichneumonidae) attacks the larvae of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae). Female T. pennator were followed in the field as they searched for larvae of the zebra swallowtail butterfly, Eurytides marcellus (Papilionidae), feeding on Asimina (Annonaceae) in central Florida, USA. Predictions of host‐finding theory and interactions with the host were thus investigated in a natural setting. Wasps seldom flew to plants other than Asimina and apparently recognized the plants by visual cues. Plants were attractive regardless of host presence, as the wasps approached plants lacking E. marcellus feeding damage twice as often as they approached damaged plants. However, wasps approached damaged plants at a rate greater than their frequency in the Asimina population, indicating that they can detect host damage before they approach the plants. After approaching within 0.5?m of plants, wasps tended not to land on plants lacking feeding damage. A comparison of the plants they landed on, however, showed no consistent preferences for damaged plants. The weaker trends in the latter data indicate that the presence of feeding damage was not the sole criterion for landing, although it evidently influenced behaviour. After landing, wasps spent more time searching damaged plants than undamaged plants. Butterflies preferred to oviposit on plants shorter than those searched by T. pennator. Possible adaptive consequences of this phenomenon are discussed.     

一类线性混合效应模型分位数估计的影响分析

当回归模型误差服从非对称或非正态分布时,尤其是在重尾分布或分布受污染的情况下,如何检测纵向数据中的异常值是数据分析中的一个重要问题。为了克服非正态分布模型误差的影响,采用稳健的分位数方法对一类线性混合效应模型进行参数估计,并分别基于数据删除模型和均值漂移模型构造强影响点的诊断度量和异常值的检验统计量,以有效地检测强影响点和异常值点。在识别强影响点时,为了减轻计算负担,利用光滑逼近的方法给出了数据删除模型参数的一步近似估计,并据此构造出基于损失函数的距离和Cook距离。为了能够识别异常值点,首先构造出检验异常值点的Wald统计量,然后基于数据删除模型和均值漂移模型的系数估计的等价性,利用Bootstrap抽样得到检验的拒绝域。数值模拟结果表明,本文所提的诊断度量和检验统计量都能够很好地判断出强影响点和异常值点。最后应用本文方法针对化学实验纵向数据进行了影响分析。     

对教师发展取向的观课活动话语的批评性分析

观课活动是促进教师专业发展的有效途径之一。从话语的角度对教师专业发展取向的观课活动展开研究,以费尔克拉夫的多维度话语分析模式为主要理论框架,对语料进行批评性分析,揭示教师专业发展取向的观课活动中教师之间的交流模式及话语风格,提出通过话语的转变来实现教师发展的目的。     

用多观察序列训练隐马耳可夫模型的一种通用算法

隐马尔可夫模型（HMM：Hidden Markov Model）是一种具有学习能力的统计模型。HMM在许多领域特别是在语音识别领域得到成功的应用。经典HMM的Baum-Welch算法假设不同的观察序列之间是统计独立的。这与实际情况不符。本文在不附加任何假设的前提下，提出了一种用多观察序列训练HMM的算法，从理论上解决了上述问题，传统的Baum-Welch算法只不过是新算法在观察序列独立假设下的特例。     

陀螺经纬仪定向的条件平差法

运用附有未知数的条件平差法导出了线性衰减下的逆转点法陀螺北方向值的计算公式,得出与相关平差法相同的结论,从而证明了两种方法均为经典平差的实质。     

福建东山湾海浪现场观测的统计特征

为分析福建省南部港湾──东山湾的波浪特征,采用S4型压力式方向波浪仪观测获取现场一个月的风浪过程资料,对其进行了统计分析和频谱分析,给出了波高和周期分布,特征波要素与频谱关系,结果表明:实测波高分布与瑞利分布基本相符;波浪谱的显著部分在狭窄的频率内,对应3、5、6、7级风谱峰密度值(m2s)分别为0.084 3、0.372 8、0.941 8、1.837 7,随着风速的增加,谱能也显著地增加,谱曲线下面的总面积增大,谱的显著部分波及的频率范围也扩大,且谱的显著部分沿低频率的方向推移,对应风浪的波高及周期范围增大.     

全站仪在桥梁高程控制测量中的应用及精度分析

结合某大型桥量建设中的高程控制测量的实施和精度要求,在论述桥梁高程控制测量的原理、设计方案、测量程度和精度分析等问题的基础上,依据跨河水准测量的特点,利用全站仪完成了高程控制网中的跨河水准测量,并通过程序对跨河水准网进行严密平差计算,最后估算了跨河测距三角高程的精度.     

样本缺失情况下的雷达目标自适应检测

雷达信号自适应检测问题中,参考数据中部分样本丢失会导致常规检测器性能显著下降。在无先验信息条件下,采用期望最大算法获得杂波协方差矩阵的最大似然估计,得到基于期望最大算法的自适应匹配滤波器。利用探测环境的先验信息,在贝叶斯框架下,采用Gibbs抽样获得杂波协方差矩阵的后验均值估计,得到基于马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛自适应匹配滤波器。计算机仿真分析表明,这2种检测器可以在样本缺失情况下具有较好的检测性能。当杂波协方差矩阵先验信息较少时,EM-AMF与MCMC-AMF检测性能相当;当有先验信息可供利用时,MCMC-AMF的检测性能可以得到进一步提升。