Simulation of the diffusion process in composite porous media by random walks

A new random-walk interpolation scheme was developed to simulate solute transport through composite porous media with different porosities as well as different diffusivities. The significant influences of the abrupt variations of porosity and diffusivity on solute transport were simulated by tracking random walkers through a linear interpolation domain across the heterogeneity interface. The displacements of the random walkers within the interpolation region were obtained explicitly by establishing the equivalence between the Fokker-Planck equation and the advection-dispersion equation. Applications indicate that the random-walk interpolation method can simulate one- and two-dimensional, 2nd-order diffusion processes in composite media without local mass conservation errors. In addition, both the theoretical derivations and the numerical simulations show that the drift and dispersion of particles depend on the type of Markov process selected to reflect the dynamics of random walkers. If the nonlinear Langevin equation is used, the gradient of porosity and the gradient of diffusivity strongly affect the drift displacement of particles. Therefore, random-walking particles driven by the gradient of porosity, the gradient of diffusivity, and the random diffusion, can imitate the transport of solute under only pure diffusion in composite porous media containing abrupt variations of porosity and diffusivity.     

边界层对粗糙单裂隙溶质运移影响试验

为探究非费克(non-Fickian)运移表现出的峰值提前到达和拖尾等现象,开展了粗糙单裂隙溶质运移试验,总结了粗糙单裂隙中溶质运移特征及运移机理,结合边界层理论对峰值提前到达和拖尾现象进行了分析和解释。结果表明：峰值时间和拖尾时间与边界层厚度之间存在较好的线性相关关系;边界层对裂隙介质溶质运移有较为显著影响,即水流速度越小,边界层厚度越大,滞留在边界层内部的溶质越多,溶质获取率越低;粗糙单裂隙中溶质穿透曲线的峰值提前和拖尾现象是由裂隙中心处以惯性力主导的主流区和裂隙壁面以黏性力主导的边界层区共同作用造成的,其中峰值时间主要由主流区的对流因素控制,而边界层区域的存在对拖尾时间影响较大。     

非饱和带溶质运移问题的有限元解法

ＳＵＰＧ有限元法应用于土体的非饱和溶质运移问题,导出了其数值表达式,编制了计算程序。以一维入渗问题为例进行了数值计算,与其他方法及野外试验结果进行了对比,表明该方法是正确的、稳定的,可用于非饱和带溶质运移问题的实际计算。     

圩区水环境治理规划及地下水溶质运移预测模拟

以中国南方平原圩区为研究对象，分析圩区堤防采用垂直封闭截渗技术后对圩内水环境的影响，并建立封闭圩区水环境规划及地下水溶质运移数学模型，通过求解，得出圩区的最优水面率和滞蓄水深、最优外排装机容量和内排装机容量以及大堤的最优封闭率，同时预测了区域内地下水位及地下水污染动态变化情况。     

堆浸过程溶质运移机理与模型

针对堆浸过程中, 溶质运移由于受各种物理、化学和外界环境等因素的影响, 使溶质的运动变得更加复杂, 并难以定量描述的问题, 将矿堆中溶液分为可流动和不可流动溶液两类, 将矿石浸出过程和浸出核收缩模型划分为3个界面, 并分析其在划分溶质运移过程中的作用. 对可流动将和不可流动溶液中溶质运移机理分别进行剖析, 并给出运移表达式. 根据质量守恒定律, 推导堆浸过程溶质运移的基本方程, 并结合溶液的分类方法, 建立堆浸可动和不可动区溶质运移模型. 分析结果表明： 溶质在不同类型溶液中的运移机理截然不同, 在不可流动溶液中, 溶质以分子扩散形式运移;在可流动溶液中, 以机械弥散和对流传质为主.     

土壤水、热和溶质耦合运移研究进展

总结和概括了国内外土壤水热耦合运移、土壤水和溶质耦合运移及土壤水、热和溶质耦合运移研究的基本理论和代表性成果。Philip-De Vries和De Vries的土壤热耦合运动方程与Taylor-Cary基于不可逆热力学定律的线性流动方程是土壤水热耦合运移研究的两种主要理论。土壤水和溶质迁移的数学模型，可分别由水分运动、溶质运移两个方程耦合组成。Nassar关于土壤水、热和溶质耦合运移理论的研究取得了一定进展。在此基础上，探讨了土壤水、热和溶质运移耦合系统需要进一步研究的问题。     

Novel compound specified in dune reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) and its possible role as a protectant on the chloroplasts under stress

A small solute has been obtained with column chromatography, which only exists and accumulates in the leaves of dune reed in northwest China's desert region. Its unique polyamine and aromatic features are quite different from those well-known ones accumulated under stresses. The natural quantity of the solute is strikingly proportional to the level of local high temperature, and a large section is distributed in the photosynthetic chloroplasts. Under lab conditions, we have proved that the solute plays a role in protecting or conserving chloroplasts under heat stress. So it is reasonable to suppose that the high resistance of dune reed to environmental high temperature and/or drought is at least partially due to the accumulation of this unique solute.     

磁性水凝胶的制备及其在正渗透中的应用

在Fe3O4纳米磁流体存在的情况下,将强离子型单体2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(AMPS)与温敏单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)共聚,制备了磁性水凝胶[P(NIPAM-co-AMPS)/MNPs],并将其用作正渗透汲取剂.表征结果证实:磁性水凝胶显示超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度与Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)含量呈线性关系.正渗透实验结果表明:引入MNPs对磁性水凝胶水通量影响很小,不同MNPs含量的磁性水凝胶在0.5h内平均水通量范围为2.22~2.52L·m-2·h-1;在不同膜方向模式下,磁性水凝胶表现出可忽略的水通量差异,可避免稀释内部浓差极化问题,同时具有重复使用的优点;在温度刺激下(65℃),引入MNPs可提高磁性水凝胶的脱水效率,质量分数为9.0%的MNPs的磁性水凝胶在最初20min内的脱水率是不含MNPs水凝胶的3.2倍.     

硼分布对Ni_3Al晶界的影响

用径迹显微照相技术(PTA)和TEM研究了含0.065wt％B的Ni_3Al合金中的硼分布对其晶界的影响。研究表明,当该合金于700、850、1000℃保温并空冷时,存在硼的晶界偏聚,且偏聚量随着保温温度的升高而减少,保温温度为1000℃时,偏聚量很少;保温温度为700℃或850℃时,偏聚量较大。硼晶界偏聚对该合金晶界内聚力的提高起着关键作用,硼的偏聚量较大时,合金呈完全穿晶断裂;硼的偏聚量较少时,合金呈完全沿晶断裂。     

基于单裂隙开度算法的溶质运移研究

鉴于变异函数的优点,引用了L.Smith自回归过程随机模拟开度的方法,使研究区域的开度满足对数正态分布．利用对数正态分布密度函数的两个参量形成不同的开度,在此基础上从流量、纵向弥散系数及滞留时间三方面来研究开度对水流和溶质运移的影响．