基于萃取和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法的贝类抗生素快速测定方法

建立一种简单、快速的超声波萃取–固相萃取净化–超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析方法, 可以同时测定淡水贝类软组织中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类中15种抗生素。采取超声波萃取法, 对贝类体内的抗生素进行萃取, 用固相萃取方法净化提取液, 最后用超高效液相色谱–三重四级杆质谱对目标物进行分析检测。主要比较两种固相萃取柱Oasis HLB和Oasis PRiME HLB对污染物的净化效率, 后者展现出较好的结果。15种抗生素加标回收率实验结果表明: 当加标浓度为50 ng/g时, 回收率为64%~121%, 相对标准偏差为0.5%~19% (n=3); 添加高浓度(100 ng/g)样品时, 回收率为67%~117%, 相对标准偏差为1%~9%(n=3)。方法检测限(LOD)为0.004~0.5 ng/g (干重), 定量限(LOQ)为0.013~1.67 ng/g (干重)。该方法具有回收率高、检测限低的特点。使用该方法对鄱阳湖3个采样点三角帆蚌中的抗生素进行分析, 结果显示, 在15种抗生素中, 有9种均不同程度地检出, 检出频率和浓度最高的是甲氧苄胺嘧啶, 最高浓度达到78.8 ng/g, 其次是奇霉素(41.2 ng/g)和环丙沙星(39.8 ng/g)。     

Age-related lipid peroxidation in the digestive gland of mussels: The role of the antioxidant defence systems

Summary The main cellular defence systems against free radical-mediated oxidative stress are significantly reduced in the dige⁺ive gland of aged (>10 years old) compared to younger (2–4 years old) mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Moreover, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) is increased in the same age group with respect to younger animals. The obtained data indicate that an impairment of the antioxidant defence systems would render the older animals more susceptible to peroxidative stress, thus supporting the general significance of the free radical theory of aging.     

Persistent organic pollutants PCNs and PBDEs in sediments from coastal waters of Qingdao,Shandong Peninsula

Thirty-one congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and 21 congeners of polybrominated diphenylethers(PBDEs)in surface sediments at 5 stations and one mussel sample from Qingdao coastal waters were analyzed. The maximum contents occur at the station near the Haibo River mouth. The total PCNs contents are in the range of 212-1209 pg/g dw, dominated by tri-Cl CN. The total PBDEs contents are in the range of 117-5510 pg/g dw,dominated by tri- to hexa-BrBDEs. The local sources of PCNs are likely from combustion processes such as incinerations and coal burnings. The sources of PBDEs are molecular diffusion from the materials containing them. Except for the area near the river mouth where is affected by the sewage sludges, an important source of PCNs and PBDEs in this area is believed to be the atmospheric deposition. Mussels enrich PCNs and PBDEs relative to the sediments. The total TEQs of PCNs in mussels are lower than the total TEQs of PCBs.     

安徽省淡水蚌类初步调查

为了解安徽省辖区淡水蚌类资源及其种类分布,利用徒手捕捞或（和）机动船拖网的方法采集安徽省辖区各地不同水域的蚌类,参考有关文献进行种类鉴定.从安徽省辖区16个城市采集蚌类3 007只,经鉴定共有12种,隶属于1科10属.优势种为圆顶珠蚌、洞穴丽蚌和短褶矛蚌.研究结果表明安徽省淡水蚌类资源丰富,但是不同地区的种类分布存在差异,应采取积极的保护措施.     

"贝类预警"技术在淮河五河段水污染物追踪中的应用

对采集自淮河中游五河段的沉积物和淡水贝类样品,利用ICP-AES 和 GC-MS 进行重金属和多环芳烃分析,结果表明砷、铅、铬超标,多环芳烃在沉积物中的含量最多,研究区域的PAHS污染严重.这些有毒污染物可能来自上游工业区的淮南和蚌埠段,在贝类软体中有较高含量.因此,这些污染物有可能经食物链富集于其他生物体内,对水生态系统产生损害,进而影响到水产品食用安全,应进一步加强研究,提出防治对策.     

HACCP体系在冷熏调理贻贝肉生产中的应用研究

为了提高冷熏调理贻贝肉产品质量,有效保证产品的食用安全,应用HACCP原理,对其生产过程各环节潜在的生物性、化学性、物理性危害进行了全面深入的分析,进而确定了关键控制点（CCP）及关键限值（CL）,制定了监控程序、纠偏措施等,从而将生产过程中的危害因素降低到最低程度,预防食品安全危害的发生。