线粒体蛋白组研究进展

线粒体蛋白组是指在线粒体中出现的所有蛋白质的集合,包括线粒体自身基因组编码的和 由核基因组编码的蛋白质.线粒体作为真核生物的重要细胞器,它参与去除氧化、产生能量和还原 性物质等等一些重要的生命活动过程.这些功能都依赖于线粒体蛋白组中的蛋白河的相互作用.要 对其有一个较为全面的认识,就必须对其蛋白组进行广泛且深入的研究.根据现有的一些研究成 果,对线粒体蛋白组在起源与进化、跨膜运输、研究方法和计算机预测作了简要综述.     

Disruption of mitochondrial function as the basis of the trypanocidal effect of trifluoperazine onTrypanosoma cruzi

Summary The tricyclic anti-calmodulin drug trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibited growth and motility of epimastigotes ofTrypanosoma cruzi, at concentrations lower than 100 M, and motility and infectivity of the bloodstream trypomastigote form at 200 M. Electron microscopy of TFP-treated epimastigotes showed that the major effect was at the mitochondrial level, with gross swelling and disorganization. The oligomycin-sensitive, mitochondrial ATPase was completely inhibited by 20 M TFP, and the same drug concentration caused a 60% decrease in intracellular ATP content. The results suggest that the trypanocidal effect of TFP may be related more to mitochondrial damage than to the well-known anticalmodulin effect of the drug.     

Biogenesis of mitochondrial porin: The import pathway

Summary We review here the present knowledge about the pathway of import and assembly of porin into mitochondria and compare it to those of other mitochondrial proteins. Porin, like all outer mitochondrial membrane proteins studied so far is made as a precursor without a cleavble signal sequence; thus targeting information must reside in the mature sequence. At least part of this information appears to be located at the amino-terminal end of the molecule. Transport into mitochondria can occur post-translationally. In a first step, the porin precursor is specifically recognized on the mitochondrial surface by a protease sensitive receptor. In a second step, porin precursor inserts partially into the outer membrane. This step is mediated by a component of the import machinery common to the import pathways of precursor proteins destined for other mitochondrial subcompartments. Finally, porin is assembled to produce the functional oligomeric form of an integral membrane protein wich is characterized by its extreme protease resistance.     

Mitochondrial DNA evidence for the 19th century introduction of African honey bees into the United States

Since the introduction of an African subspecies into Brazil in the mid-1950's¹, descendent Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) have spread throughout the Neotropics and into temperate North America. Restriction enzyme analysis of 422 feral honey bee colonies collected from non-Africanized areas in the southern United States revealed that over 21% of them had mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from a European race established in North America by the 17th century, 77% of them had mtDNA common in honey bees maintained by beekeepers and about 1% exhibited African mtDNA. Further analysis revealed that the African mtDNA was derived from a north African subspecies imported to the US in the 19th century.     

中华哲水蚤线粒体DNA COI基因序列分析

采用苯酚-氯仿-异戊醇(25：24：1)提取、异丙醇沉淀、酒精洗涤、TE缓冲液保存方法提取了采自胶州湾青岛海域的中华哲水蚤基因组DNA；以相应引物经PCR扩增得到线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ亚基基因(mtCOD)片段；PCR产物采用化学法进行质粒重组(载体pGEM—T Easy Vector)、热休克转化重组质粒至大肠杆菌感受态细胞(JM109)、氨苄LB培养基扩大培养；测序．结果表明。中华哲水蚤线粒体COI碱基大小为710bp(国际基因库索引号AY665663)。其碱基组成A、C、G、T含量分别为24．23％、19．15％、22．54％和34．08％；G C含量为41．69％。A T为58．31％．     

优化提取与分离海兔大脑神经节蛋白质组

蓝斑背肛海兔（Notarcus Leachii cirrosus Stimpson，NLCS）属于海洋软体动物．NLCS大脑神经节（cerebral ganglion，CG）富含高丰度的脂类物质，并干扰了三氯醋酸-丙酮法沉淀CG蛋白质．本实验的目的是找到一种适合提取、分离海兔CG蛋白的方法．经各种实验方法对比后，发现超速离心法能有效分离CG破碎液中的脂类化合物，提高双向凝胶电泳法分离BG蛋白质组的分辨率，大约可检测到450个蛋白质点．     

几种鹤类线粒体DNA的差异和亲缘关系分析

采用聚合酶链式反应,从丹顶鹤(G.joponensis♂)、白枕鹤(G.vipio♀)、灰鹤(G.grus)及丹顶鹤♂和白枕鹤♀的4个杂交子代中分别扩增出线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因,并测定出细胞色素b碱基序列,它们之间的序列差异在0.1%～7.2%之间.序列分析表明几种鹤类细胞色素b基因序列的碱基变化主要是转换和颠换,转换的比率大于颠换;绘制几种鹤类细胞色素b之间的亲缘关系进化树表明丹顶鹤和灰鹤的进化距离更近,4个杂交子代与母本白枕鹤的亲缘关系更近.     

Mitochondrial DNA variation analysis suggests extreme low genetic diversity in Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus brelichi）

Guizhou snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a unique, endangered primate in China, mainly distributed in Fanjing Mountain National Natural Reserve, Guizhou Province, in an area of 275 km2. Recently, habitat loss and fragmentation have caused population isolation. To assess genetic diversity within this species and its population structure, we sequenced 400 bp of the hypervariable I segment from the mitochondrial DNA control region for 128 individuals. Only one haplotype was identified from these individuals. Compared with other primate species, R. brelichi can be regarded as a species with very low genetic diversity, which further adds to the conservation concern.     

Cardiolipin, the heart of mitochondrial metabolism

Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid, which is almost exclusively localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane where it is synthesized from phosphatidylglycerol and cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol. After primary synthesis, the mature acyl chain composition of cardiolipin is achieved by at least two remodeling mechanisms. In the mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin plays an important role in energy metabolism, mainly by providing stability for the individual enzymes and enzyme complexes involved in energy production. Moreover, cardiolipin is involved in different stages of the mitochondrial apoptotic process and in mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Cardiolipin alterations have been described in various pathological conditions. Patients suffering from Barth syndrome have an altered cardiolipin homeostasis caused by a primary deficiency in cardiolipin remodeling. Alterations in cardiolipin content or composition have also been reported in more frequent diseases such as diabetes and heart failure. In this review we provide an overview of cardiolipin metabolism, function and its role in different pathological states. Received 16 January 2008; received after revision 26 February 2008; accepted 26 March 2008