蟛蜞菊化学防治研究

利用两种常用的除草剂草甘膦和克无踪对野外及盆栽的蟛蜞菊进行杀灭试验，结果表明：利用克无踪杀灭蟛蜞菊用药量少．见效快．克无踪200倍液对蟛蜞菊有较好的抑制效果，但药效期短，对蟛蜞菊起不到彻底防治的作用；草甘膦药效慢但持久，100倍以上的浓度对蟛蜞菊有较好的控制作用，是防治蟛蜞菊的适合药剂。     

广东外来入侵物种的生态危害与防治对策

对在广东境内出现的部分入侵物种作了简要介绍，分析了物种入侵带来的生态危害和经济损失，入侵物种的生态学特征、入侵途径与扩散机制，提出了相应的防治对策。统计分析表明，目前广东的外来物种数量在全国位居前列，这与广东地处沿海地区、经济贸易频繁有着密切联系。入侵物种具有繁殖力和适应性强等特征，并通过人为有意引种、无意带入或自然力量进行远距离传播扩散。对于外来入侵物种的防治。主要有物理、化学、生物、替代和综合防治等手段，加强立法和提高公众的防范意识是控制外来入侵物种危害的重要途径。     

山西外来入侵植物的研究

经过调查和对大量文献资料的整理和分析，确定山西的外来入侵植物有41种，隶属19科35属，其中水生植物1种，陆生植物40种．美洲的植物种类最多，达26种，占总种数的63％；亚热带分布的最多，有18个属，大多为适宜于温凉气候条件的杂草种类;作为蔬菜、花卉和药用植物等有意引进的有32种，随人工引种带入或自然扩散无意引进的有9种;分布广、危害严重的植物有10种，它们的危害性主要体现在3个方面，即破坏生态系统的结构和功能、加快物种多样性的丧失和严重危害农林业生产．针对山西外来入侵植物的现状提出了一些相应的防治对策．     

山东省农业外来植物入侵现状及防治对策分析

就山东省外来植物入侵现状、目前对农业危害较大的入侵植物蔓延的原因以及其危害等进行了分析,并提出了防治的建议。     

侵入种刺苍耳在内蒙古和宁夏的分布

报道了刺苍耳(X anth ium sp inosum L.)在呼和浩特和宁夏中卫地区的逸生状况,并对其形态学、生物学和生境特点作了阐述.指出了它的危害性和目前的防治办法,作出它在中国的现状分布图,并推测了其未来扩展分布区.     

安徽省分布新纪录——2种有毒植物

报道了安徽省2新分布记录种,分别为大戟科的山靛(Mercurialis leiocarpaSieb.et Zucc.)和齿裂大戟(Euphorbia dentata Michx.).该两种植物均具有一定的毒性,后者原产于美洲,为我国的入侵检疫物种,现在安徽黄山的山岔村、池州的江家冲附近发现有较大面积的分布,应予以关注.     

Diet composition of an invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) from Argentina

The American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus has been introduced around the world, with invasive populations reported from almost all South American countries. A population of this species was introduced in the Calingasta department of San Juan province, which is an arid environment in western Argentina. This work provides information on the dietary composition of an invasive population of L. catesbeianus, and compares the degree of dietary overlap between adults and juveniles. Stomach contents of 169 bullfrogs (82 adults and 87 juveniles) were analysed. Adults consumed 40 prey taxa and Hymenoptera (Insecta) was the most numerous prey item (41.8%), followed by Araneae (13.6%) and Aeglidae (13.4%). Juveniles consumed 29 prey taxa and Hymenoptera constituted the highest percentage in prey number (77.2%). The trophic overlap niche index at the same level shows a value of 0.64 overlap in dietary community between adults and juveniles of this bullfrog. Aeglidae was volumetrically the most important trophic item (25.4%), followed by Anura (25.02%). Our results showed that cannibalism in bullfrogs is more common than the consumption of native anurans, coinciding with that reported in other populations of introduced bullfrogs. The high similarity in the diets of both size classes and the association between the size of the predator and prey suggest that the impact caused by bullfrogs throughout their ontogeny is high and probably has an impact on their prey. Freshwater crabs are the main items in the diet of Lithobates catesbeianus in other introduced populations and are usually the most conspicuous at our study site. The crabs in freshwater ecosystems are part of the lowest trophic level in the food chain. The major threats to the southern region’s freshwater crabs include deforestation, farming and exotic species. Lithobates catesbeianus has a generalist diet and high overlap between adults and juveniles.     

You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.     

Cancer and blood coagulation

In human patients, blood coagulation disorders often associate with cancer, even in its early stages. Recently, in vitro and in vivo experimental models have shown that oncogene expression, or inactivation of tumour suppressor genes, upregulate genes that control blood coagulation. These studies suggest that activation of blood clotting, leading to peritumoral fibrin deposition, is instrumental in cancer development. Fibrin can indeed build up a provisional matrix, supporting the invasive growth of neoplastic tissues and blood vessels. Interference with blood coagulation can thus be considered as part of a multifaceted therapeutic approach to cancer. Received 30 November 2005; received after revision 7 February 2005; accepted 8 February 2006     

湖北省黄石市外来入侵植物的调查及研究

通过长期野外调查和文献资料的整理分析,发现黄石市外来入侵植物主要有48种41属21科。其中恶性杂草1种,区域性恶性杂草8种,常见杂草12种。同时本文对黄石市外来植物的入侵途径、危害作用及防治方法也进行了初步探讨。