Choroidal and iris angioarchitecture of the newt: A scanning electron-microscopic study of vascular corrosion casts

The corrosion cast technique provided for the first time an excellent three-dimensional visualization of the vascular pattern of the choroid and iris in the newt eye. The results show the presence of a single arterial afference to the choroidal and iris capillaries: the ophthalmic artery is the origin fo both ciliary arteries and the long posterior ciliary artery. Slightly behind the equatorial circumference of the eyeball the venous drainage consists of a single vessel on the dorsal side and two distinct vessels on the ventral one. It receives blood from both iris and choroid. The surface of the plastic endocasts shows some details of fine luminal structures of the endothelial cells. Shallow depressions may be regarded as imprints of endothelial cell nuclei, and they are distinctly different for arteries and capillaries. The angioarchitecture of the newt eye differs from that of brain in that hairpin-shaped capillary loops are not observed at all.     

磁化合成铁氧体催化机理的探讨

本文用磁化合成法制取了一种新型高效铁氧体催化剂,用高分辨分析电镜,测定了其晶体结构、化学组成和原子级的显微形貌;提出了一种催化机制的新见解和一个研制催化剂的新方法.     

吉木萨尔陆相页岩油微观赋存类型

为了更好地认识页岩油微观赋存状态及类型,避免实验过程中水钻取样对原油分布的影响,选取吉木萨尔页岩典型含油岩芯,采用全程液氮钻、切、磨制样工序,通过全能谱扫描电子显微镜、二次电子成像及背散射相结合的技术手段,获得微观储层矿物类型和结构、储集空间类型、形貌以及C, O, Si, Al, Ca, K, Na,Mg等元素在微、纳米尺度的分布。依据去除矿物因素后的C元素含量分布,判别原油在微、纳米空间尺度的富集程度。结合矿物岩石组构和储集空间形貌,对微、纳米尺度页岩油原油的赋存状态及分布类型进行直观的定量表征,并基于C元素含量推测微观含油饱和度的相对变化。针对原油与孔喉的配置关系,进行储层微观孔喉结构与原油赋存状态的表征,明确原油赋存类型。总结出研究区4种微观原油赋存类型:白云质溶蚀微米级大孔道中的可动油、砂质粒间微纳米级孔中可动油、砂质粒间孔喉壁吸附的半束缚状态的油膜以及自生黏土矿物晶间孔内束缚油。     

H-800高分辨透射电镜的开发及其在矿物研究中的应用

本文介绍了在H-800透射电镜上获取高分辨矿物晶格象和薄箔样本能谱定量分析的开发工作。用环氧树脂包埋方法和离子减薄技术,对非导体的地质样品可以制成很好的超薄样本,从而可以方便地在透射电镜上观察样品的内部超微结构和高分辨的矿物晶格象。为了采用“比例法”进行薄箔样本的x-光能谱定量分析,先用已知化学组成的矿物薄箔标样,对配在透射电镜上的能谱分析系统进行校正,求出各元素的k-系数。最后将上述方法用于对我国不同海区绿色自生矿物颗粒的研究。     

原子力显微术对人体腰椎间盘组织超微结构的研究

报道了采用原子力显微镜对腰椎间盘组织成分的观察结果，并对胶原组织从结构上进行了分类，为深入到生物分子层次的研究提供了非常有意义的依据。     

SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

猪血中抗菌肽类物质的分离纯化和抗菌活性研究

利用酶解、脱色等技术,从新鲜猪血中分离提取抗菌肽,再经SephadexG-100凝胶层析纯化,收集各组分并检测其抗菌活性。采用琼脂糖弥散法检测猪血抗菌肽对大肠杆菌O88、金黄色葡萄球菌ACTT25923株、绿脓杆菌ACTT27853株、鸡巴氏杆菌、鸡致病性沙门氏菌自然分离株等5种细菌的作用;同时,采用扫描电镜观察了猪血抗菌肽与上述金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌共同培养20min后细菌形态结构的改变。结果表明,猪血抗菌肽对以上各种细菌均有不同程度的抑杀作用;扫描电镜观察发现,经抗菌肽作用20min后,这两种细菌的形态结构均发生了明显的改变,表现为细菌干瘪、皱缩、表面粗糙不平、分裂繁殖停止。这表明猪血抗菌肽不仅对供试细菌的形态结构有明显的损伤作用,同时还影响细菌的生长繁殖。     

Growth mechanisms of Ag and Cu nanodendrites via Galvanic replacement reactions

Dendritic silver and copper crystals were produced via Galvanic replacement reactions on zinc and aluminum plates, respectively. The growth orientations of these metals were determined using electron microscopy. The results showed that a fast crystal growth associated with a high concentration of metal cations led to kinetically controlled growth along the <112> axes of the cubic close-packed structures. However, a slow growth rate resulted in thermodynamically controlled growth along the ...     

NaCl担载Fe催化CVD法合成碳洋葱

以水溶性NaCl为载体,用浸渍法制备了Fe质量分数分别为0.3%、1.6%、3.3%和5.2%的催化剂,在400℃下催化裂解乙炔合成纳米碳材料;用场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电镜对样品进行了结构表征和分析。结果显示,利用Fe质量分数为0.3%的催化剂合成的碳洋葱颗粒直径分布在15-50 nm之间,多数在15-35 nm内。     

基于FIB和TEM的纳米材料中界面分层破坏的实验方法研究与应用

本文针对三维尺寸均处于纳米量级的材料与结构中常见的界面分层破坏问题,利用聚焦离子束技术(FIB)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)开发设计了一套研究纳米材料中界面端部裂纹启裂行为的实验方法.采用FIB成功从宏观多层薄膜材料(硅/铜/氮化硅,Si/Cu/SiN)中切割制备出了由硅基体(Si)和200 nm厚铜薄膜(Cu)及1000 nm厚氮化硅层(SiN)构成的纳米悬臂梁试样.利用高精度微小材料加载装置,在TEM中对该试样进行加载实验,并原位观测了不同试样中Cu/Si界面端部裂纹启裂的行为.通过对启裂瞬时Cu/Si界面上临界应力分布的有限元分析发现,不同尺寸试样中的界面上法向应力与剪切应力均集中在距界面端部100 nm的范围内,且临界法向应力远大于剪切应力.对应力分布的进一步分析则发现,距界面端部5 nm区域内的法向应力场控制着Cu/Si界面的分层破坏过程,可用于表征界面分层破坏的局部控制准则.