分子印迹技术及其在痕量分析的应用

分子印迹技术是近年来集高分子合成、分子设计、分子识别、仿生生物工程等众多学科优势发展起来的一门边缘学科分支，分子印迹聚合物由于具有与天然抗体同样的识别性能力和与高分子同样的抗腐蚀性能的双重优点，因而广泛应用于生物工程、临床医学、环境监测、食品工业等众多领域．介绍了分子印迹技术的基本原理，对分子印迹聚合物合成研究的最新进展进行了综述，主要介绍了它在痕量分析中的应用．     

ZnO－Bi_2O_3－Sb_2O_3BaO系压敏陶瓷组成相的显微分析

用Ｘ射线衍射及电子探针微区成分分析技术，研究了ＺｎＯ－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－Ｓｂ２Ｏ３－ＢａＯ为基的压敏陶瓷的显微结构．除通常的ＺｎＯ、Ｂｉ２Ｏ２和Ｚｎ２．３３Ｓｂ０．６７Ｏ４晶相之外，发现了一新的晶界相．分析表明，新的晶界相是固溶有微量Ｚｎ的ＢａＳｂ２Ｏ６晶相；它以颗粒状夹杂于弥散的Ｂｉ２Ｏ３晶界相中；随钡含量增加，ＢａＳｂ２Ｏ６相的数量增多，粒径也增大，相应地Ｚｎ２．３３Ｓｂ０．６７Ｏ４相的数量则减少．同时还发现，晶界层中组分及结构的这种变化，使压敏陶瓷在长期电负荷下工作的稳定性得到改善．     

CSP工艺含钛耐候钢中的纳米磷化物

应用透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱(EDX)对CSP工艺含钛耐候钢中的细小磷化物进行了研究.对成品钢板和经900℃压缩20%并等温30min的连铸坯分析结果表明:耐候钢中存在MxP型纳米级磷化物,x值为2～3,金属元素M为Fe、Ti及少量Cr或Ni,磷化物的结构为六方晶系,点阵常数a=0.609nm、c=0.351nm;成品钢板中磷化物尺寸多在20nm以下,而经过900℃压缩的连铸坯试样中磷化物的尺寸、形状不尽相同,较大的棒状磷化物长约300nm、宽约50nm,其他粒子在50nm以下,多呈方形.CSP工艺生产线中可能发生磷化物沉淀的阶段是热连轧的最后两个道次直至冷却到400～500℃的过程中;磷化物的析出可提高沉淀强化效果,但同时会使钢中的固溶磷浓度降低.     

改性高钙灰对水泥基材料的抗酸腐蚀特性

模拟中国硫酸型酸雨情况,以普硅水泥空白砂浆为参比体系,研究改性高钙粉煤灰对改善混凝土抗酸性能的影响,从宏观和微观方面研究各性能变化规律.结果表明:高钙粉煤灰对建筑物抗酸腐蚀有优化效果,但掺量存在最佳优化区间和"拐点";掺量w(高钙灰)=25%的砂浆腐蚀98d后质量损失率仅-2.011%,而相同腐蚀条件下空白砂浆的质量损失率为-5.120 %;98d抗压强度和抗折强度是空白砂浆的1.31倍和1.47倍;机理分析发现高钙灰中大量的活性钙可作为缓冲组分,减缓体系由碱性环境变成酸性或中性环境的速度,从而阻止其他水化产物因pH值降低而产生的不稳定溶蚀现象;微细CaO颗粒会反应生成CaSO4沉积在试块表面,既解决膨胀破坏问题又堵塞了酸液的入侵通道.     

G蛋白在杨树气孔运动中的作用

群众杨叶片下表皮经过不同浓度的G蛋白激活剂霍乱毒素(CTX)处理后,在扫描电镜下观察了气孔开度的变化,并用透射电镜结合X-射线能谱显微分析技术,对保卫细胞内的K^ 、Cl^-含量进行了研究。结果表明：CTX能促进气孔关闭,作用强度随CTX浓度的增加而增强。伴随着气孔关闭,保卫细胞液泡和细胞质中的K^ 、Cl^-含量都明显下降,而细胞壁中的K^ 、Cl^-含量增加。这提示G蛋白可能通过对保卫细胞内K^ 、Cl^-的调节作用而参与了气孔运动过程。     

Effect of aluminum oxide on the compressive strength of pellets

Analytical-reagent-grade Al₂O₃ was added to magnetite ore during the process of pelletizing, and the methods of mercury intrusion, scanning electron microscopy, and image processing were used to investigate the effect of Al₂O₃ on the compressive strength of the pellets. The results showed that, as the Al₂O₃ content increased, the compressive strength of the pellets increased slightly and then decreased gradually. When a small amount of Al₂O₃ was added to the pellets, the Al₂O₃ combined with fayalite (2FeO·SiO₂) and the aluminosilicate (2FeO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂) was generated, which releases some iron oxide and reduces the inhibition of fayalite to the solid phase of consolidation. When Al₂O₃ increased sequentially, high melting point of Al₂O₃ particles hinder the oxidation of Fe₃O₄ and the recrystallization of Fe2O3, making the internal porosity of the pellets increase, which leads to the decrease in compressive strength of the pellets.     

NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷材料的制备及显微分析

采用粉末冶金技术,冷压烧结制得NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷板状惰性阳极,并对其进行显微组织、物相等的分析,有利于改进金属陶瓷材料的配方及制备、烧结等工艺,以提高金属陶瓷材料的抗腐蚀、导电等性能。     

金鱼卵的皮层反应

金鱼卵皮层中有１～３排皮层小泡，后者有两类：一类是由电子致密物质组成的髓部，四周则为低电子致密物质所围；另一类是由多种电子致密物质组成，形态十分特殊。受精１０～２０ｓ，动物半球就有少量的皮层小泡发生胞吐作用，在其排出物的外面覆有少量细胞质。受精３０ｓ后，位于动物半球的皮层小泡开始大量地进行胞吐，并渐向植物半球传递，整个胞吐过程历时约２ｍｉｎ左右。受精３ｍｉｎ，卵表面开始修复，在此过程中卵表面微绒毛的形态发生急剧变化。Ｘ－射线微分析测试表明随受精质膜表面钙元素量有一明显变化，本文就它与皮层反应的关系进行了讨论     

Cellular distribution of arsenic and other elements in hyperaccumulator<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pteris nervosa</Emphasis> and their relations to arsenic accumulation

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SRXRF) was used to study the cellular distributions of arsenic and other elements in root, petiole, pinna of a newly discovered arsenic hyperaccumulator, Pteris nervosa. It was shown that there was a trend in P nervosa to transport arsenic from cortex tissue to vascular tissue in root, and keep arsenic in vascular during transportation in petiole, and transport arsenic from vascular tissue to adaxial cortex tissues in midrib of pinnae. More arsenic was accumulated in mesophyll than in epidermis in pinnae. The distributions of some elements, such as K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, in petiole, midrib and pinna were similar to that of arsenic, indicating that those cations might cooperate with arsenic in those transportation processes; whereas the distributions of CI and Br in pinna were the reverse of that of arsenic, indicating that those anions might compete with arsenic in pinna of P. nervosa.