硒酵母生理功能研究(Ⅱ)──对汞中毒小鼠体重及全血 GSH-Px 活性的影响

对离乳雄性小白鼠进行不同饲喂实验,观察硒酵母对汞中毒小鼠体重及其全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性的影响．实验结果表明,汞显著抑制了小鼠全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性,仅为对照组的６０．４％,而同时给汞和硒酵母的小鼠ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性不但没有降低,还比对照组提高了５０％以上,说明硒酵母对汞中毒引起的ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性下降有显著的拮抗效应,这种效应在小鼠的生长和行为等方面也有同样的表现．     

甲基汞的分光光度测定方法研究

建立了测定甲基汞的分光光度法．该方法是基于甲基汞与硫代米氏酮形成络合物,最大吸收波长为564nm．可在水相测定,也可用正丁醇萃取后测定．线性围当浓度为1×10     

Mercury pollution in Rana Chensinensis in Weisha River reach, in the upstream region of Songhua River

Twice a year continuous samples of Rana Chensinensis and sediments have been collected near gold mine in the upstream region of Songhua River from 2000 to 2002, for analyzing the total mercury （THg）, methylmercury （MeHg） concentration and correlation in sediments, muscles, livers of the frog. The study indicates that THg and MeHg concentrations in polluted samples near the gold mine are higher than those in unpolluted ones. THg and MeHg con- centrations are higher in autumn, in female, and in livers than those in spring, in male, in muscles respectively. The order of concentration degree in the frog organizations is as follows： liver〉muscle〉ovum〉Fallopian tube. MeHg is the main form of mercury （Hg） existing in autumn, while inorganic Hg is in spring. There is no distinct difference of CMeHg/CTHg between male and female, livers and muscles. The correlation between MeHg concentrations in the river sediments and in the frog＇s livers and muscles are significant, which is related to disorderly discharge of Hg.     

Subcellular localization of several heavy metals of Hg, Cd and Pb in human liver

Liver, as an important metabolic and detoxicological organ of human body, can be used as a good bioindicator for evaluating body burden of environmental pollutants. Its elemental contents and their chemical forms are closely related to the status of human health and disease. In this paper, the liver samples collected from normal subjects were separated to different subcellular fractions of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosome, microsome and cytosol by differential centrifugation. Then their concentrations of heavy metals of As, Pb, Cd, and Hg were determined by atomic absorption and atomic fluorescent spectroscopy. Our results show no significant difference with literature ones when comparing their gross concentrations. In the case of their subcellular distribution, the Hg concentrations are higher in mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosolic fractions; the Cd concentrations are higher in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, while As highest in nuclear fraction. The highest concentration of Pb is found in microsomal fraction with similarity to Fe. Mercury in liver is mainly in the form of inorganic, and methylmercury ranged from 9% to 50% with the average value of 20.9% 13.3%. These results indicate that the cellular distribution and the accumulated target organelles are quite different among these heavy metals, which suggest their various pathways and toxic mechanism in vivo.