内蒙古鄂托克旗查布地区恐爪龙类足迹的发现及其意义

内蒙古查布地区下白垩统中保存大量的兽脚类和蜥脚类恐龙足迹以及鸟类足迹化石,2014年再次对内蒙古鄂托克旗野外地质遗迹博物馆(8A和8B化石点)周边的地层进行系统考察,发现两个恐爪龙类恐龙(Deinonychosauria)的二趾型兽脚类足迹,这在鄂托克地区是首次发现。经对比研究,将其归入奔驰龙足迹属(Dromaeosauripus)。与奔驰龙足迹一起发现的还有其他两种兽脚类足迹(Asianopodus robustus和Grallator),反映了恐爪龙类恐龙的生活习性。此类足迹的发现不仅填补了内蒙驰龙足迹(Dromaeopodidae)的空白,增加了世界二趾型足迹的记录,也为鄂托克地区古生态与地层对比提供了素材。     

中国北京恐龙足迹的首次记录

北京市延庆县在筹报世界地质公园的地质遗迹野外调查中,在延庆硅化木国家地质公园核心区晚侏罗世-早白垩世土城子组地层发现的大批恐龙足迹,初步研究表明这批标本可归属于覆盾甲龙类(cf.Deltapodusisp.)、兽脚类、鸟脚类及疑似蜥脚类恐龙足迹.其中大量的覆盾甲龙类足迹表明,早在晚侏罗世,冀北-辽西地区就活动着覆盾甲龙类,它们承接了辽宁朝阳下白垩统义县组发现的甲龙类化石.而罕见的,极高速奔跑的兽脚类恐龙足迹揭示了独特的古行为学.延庆发现的恐龙足迹群不但是北京地区首次发现恐龙存活过的证据,而且极大丰富了土城子组的恐龙类群,为承接其后的热河动物群提供了绝好的演化样本.     

A new feathered maniraptoran dinosaur fossil that fills a morphological gap in avian origin

Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ from non-avian theropods in their limb proportions. In particular, avians have proportionally longer and more robust forelimbs that are capable of supporting a large aerodynamic surface. Here we report on a new maniraptoran dinosaur, Anchiornis huxleyi gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen collected from lacustrine deposits of uncertain age in western Liaoning, China. With an estimated mass of 110 grams, Anchiornis is the smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. It exhibits some wrist features indicative of high mobility, presaging the wing-folding mechanisms seen in more derived birds and suggesting rapid evolution of the carpus. Otherwise, Anchiornis is intermediate in general morphology between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, particularly with regard to relative forelimb length and thickness, and represents a transitional step toward the avian condition. In contrast with some recent comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, our phylogenetic analysis incorporates subtle morphological variations and recovers a conventional result supporting the monophyly of Avialae. Supported by Hundred Talents Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40125006, 40472018), and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806400)