重庆市兽类资源及其区系分析

重庆市目前已知兽类117种，隶属于9目、31科、79属，其中，东洋界种88种，古北界种19种，季风型及广布种10种，地理分布上处于盆中平原丘陵省的物种仅54种，盆地东北缘大巴山省有85种，盆地东南缘山地省有79种，同时还探讨了重庆市兽类的生物多样性和资源类型。     

Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Hair width and surface scale patterns (morphological characteristics) of hair from 21 selected species representing seven orders of mammals from the western United States were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The orders studied were Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Didelphimorphia, Insectivora, Lagomorpha and Rodentia. Hair width, scale length and height, scale patterns, and scale position in relation to the shaft were used to characterize differences in morphology for both the species and orders. Specimens were taken from the dorsal scapular region and the centres of hair shafts of mature mammals were used for images. A key (identification chart) was created to characterize each species. These studies suggest that morphological differences in guard hair and underfur could provide a useful atlas for forensics, taxonomy and archaeology.     

野牛的种群现状、生态习性及致危因素?

野牛(Bos gaurus)主要分布于中国、印度、孟加拉、尼泊尔、不丹、越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸和马来西亚.据评估,其全球种群数量约13 000~30 000头.在我国主要分布于云南省,1996—2000年的调查显示共有约480头,种群下降趋势严重,灭绝风险较大.栖息地丧失和破碎化、盗猎和非法贸易、种群衰退和杂交污染以及疾病和传染病是其主要威胁.建议加强野牛的生态学研究,加大栖息地保护力度,打击非法贸易并加强管理和监控,促进野牛种群的恢复.     

Species-specific differences in the mitogenic activity of heparin-binding growth factors in the sera of various mammals

Sera from different mammalian species displayed great differences in mitogenic activity, as measured by stimulation of DNA synthesis in BALB/c 3T3 cells (3T3 cells). Among the sera examined, fetal bovine serum was least active, and increasing activity was detected in calf serum, human serum, rat serum and mouse serum, in that order. Rat and mouse sera exhibited extremely high mitogenic activity with 3T3 cells, but when TIG-1 human fetal lung fibroblasts were used for the DNA assay instead, the activity levels of all of the sera were lower, and the differences between them were smaller. To determine the reasons for these differences, the heparin-binding growth factors in each serum were separated on a heparin affinity column. Five peaks of DNA-stimulating activity were obtained. Three of these were found in all sera examined, with both 3T3 cells and TIG-1 cells. Two other peaks were found only with 3T3 cells; one was peculiar to rat and mouse sera, with extremely high activity in the rat, and the other was specific to fetal serum. The dependence of the activity of these peaks on the cells used for the test was confirmed using normal rat lung fibroblasts and immortalized rat kidney cells. These findings adequately explain the species-specific differences in mitogenic activity of whole sera, and the variation in activity depending on the cells used for assay of DNA synthesis.     

广西北部湾珍稀海洋哺乳动物的保护及管理

广西北部湾海域有儒艮(Dugongd dgon)、中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)、江豚(Neo phocaena phocaenoides)及其它海豚等珍稀海洋哺乳动物,过度捕捞、人为伤害、生存环境的人为缩小及海草的破坏使得儒艮、中华白海豚已经成为濒危物种。建议开展基础性科学研究、做好宣传教育工作及加强管理工作来保护北部湾海域的珍稀海洋哺乳动物。     

广西沿海海兽种类研究

从１９７８年到１９９８年广西沿海的海兽进行调查,采集,研究,共鉴定出２目５科１２种,其中一种为中国的首次记录,３种为南海的新记录,文中对各种的主要外形特征及其分布进行了详细的描述。     

哺乳动物克隆的现状和研究进展

 哺乳动物细胞克隆是20世纪末生命科学领域最引人注目的高新技术,该技术对于优良种畜的复制、减少试验用动物数目、动物遗传多样性保存及濒危动物挽救、转基因动物培育等方面具有重要意义。近年来克隆技术发展迅速,多种哺乳动物相继克隆成功,但也存在克隆效率太低、克隆动物表型正常而实质异常的问题。本文详细阐述了克隆效率太低、克隆动物表型正常而实质异常问题,介绍了当前动物克隆技术的发展现状,并对动物克隆涉及的技术进行了总结和概括,着重介绍了卵母细胞的去核方法和重组胚的构建方法。     

四川省瓦屋山自然保护区小型兽类群落结构的初步研究

2004年 3-5月,作者用网格式取样捕捉法对瓦屋山自然保护区的小型兽类进行了调查,用最优分割法将区内小型兽类群落分为 5个群落.记录了小型兽类的组成、数量、量度及生境因子特征.根据调查计算小型兽类的密度、多样性、均匀度、优势度、相对重要值等群落特征参数.共记录小型兽类 22种,隶属 3目 8科,各群落的多样性指数为 1. 685, 1. 062, 1. 295, 0. 854, 0. 723.小型兽类丰富度喜好乔木多度 >40%、灌木盖度 >60%、干扰度 >500m,与坡向、坡度等则无明显关系.     

A new method for obtaining blood from a small mammal without injuring the animal: use of Triatomid bugs

Summary By means of hungry Triatomid bugs, samples of blood (40–200l) can be obtained from small mammals, such as bats, without causing any harm to the animals. The blood can be extracted from the gaster of the bug immediately after the bug has finished sucking. The method was successfully used for measuring the energy budget by the doubly labeled water method, and for obtaining material for lymphocyte cultures, and may prove useful in other fields, too.M. Volleth is very much obliged to Prof. Dr R. A. Pfeiffer for giving her the opportunity to work at the Institute of Human Genetics.