筼筜湖大型海藻群落的几种藻栖端足类的种群动态研究

研究了2007年11月至2008年5月期间筼筜湖大型海藻群落几种藻栖端足类的种群动态.结果显示,筼筜湖藻栖的端足类主要有:上野蜾蠃蜚(Corophium uenoi)、日本大螯蜚(Grandidierella japonica)、强壮藻钩虾(A mpithoe vali-da)、平掌拟钩虾(Grammaropsis laevipalmata)和尖额麦秆虫(Caprella panantis).但不同时期、不同藻丛,端足类的种类组成和丰度存在差异.条浒苔(Enteromorpha clathrata)主导的藻丛,主要出现在2007年11月至2008年1月,上野蜾蠃蜚和日本大螯蜚是丰度最高的两种端足类,它们在11月达到丰度的最大值,分别为3.22×104和1.07×104m-2.细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilarla tenuistipitatavar.liui)和根枝藻(Rhizocloniumsp.)主导的藻丛分别出现在2008年1—3月和3—5月,上野蜾蠃蜚是其中最优势的端足类,但丰度较低.石莼(Ulva lactuca)主导的藻丛在整个调查期间都有分布,端足类以上野蜾蠃蜚和强壮藻钩虾为主,丰度在3月最高,分别为11.59×104和1.20×104m-2,而后迅速下降.不过,在石莼主导的藻丛,端足类的丰度和大型海藻生物量之间的变化并不同步,而是存在一个月的滞后,据推测,可能是由于大型海藻啃食者(如强壮藻钩虾)的滞后造成的.     

The marine red algae of Rodrigues (Mauritius,Indian Ocean)

This paper reports on the red algae of Rodrigues, collected in the framework of the Shoals of Capricorn Programme (10 September to 5 October 2001). In total 68 species are reported, of which 65 represent new records for the island. Although most taxa represent rather common species, which are generally widespread in the Indian and western Pacific Ocean, some are of special interest to algal systematists and biogeographers. Renouxia antillana is reported for the first time for the Indian Ocean. The presence of Renouxia also constitutes the first record of the order Rhodogorgonales for the entire Indian Ocean. A few species have interesting distribution patterns. Halydictyon sp. is restricted in its distribution to South Africa, Mauritius and Australia. Despite these interesting records, the red algal flora of Rodrigues is most remarkable by the absence of several ‘ubiquitous' species.     

Halacarid mites (Acari: Halacaridae) associated with a North Atlantic subtidal population of the kelp Laminaria ochroleuca

We characterised the mite fauna associated with a subtidal population of Laminaria ochroleuca in the Cantabrian Sea during a 4-year study. We found 2780 individuals belonging to 35 species. The mite assemblage comprised both north Atlantic and Mediterranean species, as usually reported from the Lusitanian region. The most abundant and diverse subfamily was Copidognathinae, followed by Halacarinae and Lohmannellinae. The greatest abundance of mites was detected on kelp holdfasts, not only strictly phytal mites were found but also interstitial mites or those associated with other macrofauna. Such a distribution could be explained by the high diversity and heterogeneity of microhabitats provided by holdfasts. Mite abundance fluctuated during the 4 years of the study. However, the lowest abundance was detected during the last year of sampling. During that year, the studied algal population suffered a severe decay leaving only degenerating holdfasts attached to the substrate, which could explain the decrease in mite numbers.     

北部湾大型海藻资源研究及应用展望

对北部湾大型海藻物种多样性、地理分布、资源研究成果、研究现状以及开发利用等进行总结和分析,发现北部湾在大型海藻资源调查、开发利用和生态修复等方面还有巨大的研究空间,提出大力发展海藻生态养殖业,加大对大型海藻科研的支持和投入,扶助海藻产业链建设的观点,以期为北部湾海洋经济持续发展提供参考。     

Drift characteristics of green macroalgae in the Yellow Sea in 2008 and 2010

In order to investigate the aggregation mechanism of green macroalgae (Enteromorpha prolifera) on the Qingdao coastline, the macroalgal drift characteristics in the Yellow Sea during June and July in 2008 and 2010 were simulated using a three-dimensional wave-tide-circulation coupled model. In June 2008, the monthly-mean surface current flowed onshore and its direction was almost perpendicular to the Qingdao coastline, which was identified as the main reason for a huge accumulation of algae in the coastal waters off Qingdao. The current became parallel to the coastline in July 2008; this shift in current direction led to little accumulation of algae near Qingdao and thus relieved the environmental pressure on the Olympic sailing events. By using the coupled model, we predicted that there would be no serious algal accumulation at Qingdao in late June 2010, which was later confirmed by observations. This study demonstrated that the drift path of macroalgae near Qingdao is mainly controlled by the surface current, which is primarily driven by wind. Regional climate change is therefore one of the means by which physical processes affect marine ecosystems.     

大型海藻光合碳代谢类型的研究进展

作为海洋藻类的一部分,大型海藻通过光合作用参与了海洋对全球CO2和O2的周转,其食用和药用价值也 得到了广泛应用。因此无论从生态还是经济角度来看,研究大型海藻通过光合作用对CO2进行固定和代谢的过程都 具有重要意义。到目前为止,世界上对大型海藻光合碳代谢途径的研究从代谢组学和酶学角度证明了大型海藻体内 除了C3途径外,还同时存在不能确定完整与否的PEPCK 或PEPC 类型的C4途径或CAM途径;光合气体交换的结 果显示其光合碳代谢途径从整体上表现出类似C4(C4-like)类型。这种情况与一些体内存在C4途径的陆生C3植物相 似。因此大型海藻光合碳代谢途径仍然有待深入研究。     

环境因子对海藻吸附重金属的影响

探讨了环境因子pH、离子强度对两种常见大型海藻马尾藻(Sargassum fusiforme)和海带(Laminaria japonica)吸附重金属离子(Cu^2 、Pb^2 、Cd^2 、Ni^2 )的影响．结果表明．马尾藻对Cu^2 、Pb^2 、Cd^2 的吸附的最佳pH范围为4～6；对Ni^2 的最佳pH范围为5～6；海带对Cu^2 、Pb^2 的吸附的最佳pH范围为4～6；对Cd^2 、Ni^2 的最佳pH范围为5～6；一定的条件下，藻粉对重金属离子的吸附率随离子强度的升高而降低，这主要是溶液中共存离子参与吸附位点的竞争或负离子的空间阻碍导致的．