华南前汛期一次暴雨过程中的中尺度对流系统

通过对卫星云图观测到的MCS云团生消过程和实测降水资料的分析，发现1998年5月23—24日发生在华南的一次前汛期暴雨过程主要是由多个相继生消的MCS造成的。利用MM5模式成功地模拟出了其中两个主要MCS的发生发展。对模拟结果进行分析发现这两个MCS的发生发展是冷暖空气交汇的结果，MCS生成于暖空气而消亡于冷空气中。两个MCS的上升运动都非常强，最大辐散位于400hPa左右，垂直方向上表现为气旋性的涡柱，右侧低层有中尺度的低空急流，高空有强的西南风区。     

Numerical simulation on mesoscale convective system along Mei-Yu front in Southern China

A mesoscale convective system (MCS) was generated over the South China Sea at around 115°E, 21°N on 0000 UTC 7 June 1998. Riding along the Mei-Yu front, the system moved through the Taiwan Strait and finally hit the southern part of the Taiwan Island, produced over 300 mm of rainfall over parts of Taiwan in the next 24 hours. It was found that the Penn State-NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) did quite well in simulating the evolution of the MCS. Diagnostic studies on the mesoscale structure of MCS, moisture concentration process and the momentum budget were based on the model output. The concept model of the MCS in the mature phase can be concluded as the following: At the 850 hPa level, the mesoscale low level jet (mLLJ) was found to the southwest of the MCS, which was also associated with a mesoscale low generated by convection, the mesoscale upper level jet (mULJ) was found due east of the MCS (and an upper-level mesoscale high) at the 300 hPa level. Horizontal advection of momentum acted to accelerate the exit of the mLLJ but decelerate the entrance of the mLLJ where the pressure gradient force acted to compensate this lost and maintain its strength. For maintenance of the mULJ, vertical advection of momentum and the pressure gradient force were both found to be important.