Thermodynamic evolution of lithosphere of the North China craton： Records from lower crust and upper mantle xenoliths from Hannuoba

Lithospheric thinning in East China attracts much attention of geologists. In many cases where a lithospheric thinning is inferred, the trigger for instability is a preced-ing episode of crustal thickening by the continental colli-sion[1]. Lithospheric processes (e.g. lithospheric thinning) could be recorded by the thermal history of the lower crustal and upper mantle xenoliths. Xu et al.[2] suggested that the cooling (from >1200 to 850℃) recorded by spinel harzburgite from Northeast China …     

Study on crustal, lithospheric and asthenospheric thickness beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas

Based on the results of pure dispersions of Rayleigh wave tomography in the Qinghai-Tlbet Plateau and its adjacent areas, tsklng S wave velocities from previous linear inversion as the initial model, using the simulated annealing algorithm, a nonlinear simultaneous inversion has been carried out for S wave velocity and thickness of different layers, including the crust, the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. The results indicate： The crustal thickness shows strong correlation with geology structures sketched by the sutures and major faults. The crust is very thick in the Qinghal-Tibet Plateau, varying from 60 km to 80 kin. The Ilthospherlc thickness in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Is thinner （130-160 kin） than Its adjacent areas. And two blocks can be recognized, divided by an NNE strike boundary running between 90°E-92°E inside the plateau. Its asthenosphere is relatively thick, varies from 150 km to 230 kin, and the thickest area is located in the western Qiangtsng. India has a thinner crust （32-38 kin）, a thicker lithosphere of 190 km and a rather thin asthenosphere of only 60 kin. Sichuan and Tarlm basins have the crust thickness less than 50 kin. Their Iithospheres are thicker than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and their asthenospheres are thinner. A discussion has been made on the character and formation mechanism of the typical crust-mantle transition zone in the western Qiangtsng block.     

台西南盆地岩石圈伸展及裂后沉降特征分析

计算有效弹性厚度和不同尺度的拉张因子,并结合裂后的沉积记录可以反映一个伸展性盆地的形成演化特征.运用基于弹性梁模型和挠曲均衡原理的二维构造模拟软件重点对横穿台西南盆地的一条地震地质剖面进行模拟.分析结果表明:1.5km为台西南盆地最合适的有效弹性厚度;岩石圈尺度的拉张因子在1.2～4.8之间,上地壳尺度的拉张因子在1.0～1.2之间,全地壳尺度的拉张因子在1.1～3.0之间,岩石圈伸展具有横向的非均质性和深度的依赖性;台西南盆地裂后阶段受陆架坡折形成、东沙运动两期构造运动影响较大,不同于典型伸展性盆地裂后沉降模式,沉降特征无明显规律性.     

中国东南部新生代岩石圈地幔研究

利用中国东南部新生代玄武岩中约２００个深源捕虏体,试图认识该区岩石圈地幔的成分特征,了解其经历的地幔作用过程,通过电子探针（ＥＭＰ）和激光探针（ＬＡＭ－ＩＣＰＭＳ）微束技术,对具代表性的深源捕虏体中的矿物进行了主量元素和微量元素地球化学分析,结合全岩主量元素地球化学特征,提出中国东南部元古代地壳之下主要为新的饱满型地幔,而这种新生代岩石圈地幔的形成与该区晚中生代以来软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄和伸展作用密切相关。     

Mantle olivine xenocrysts entrained in Mesozoic basalts from the North China craton：Implication for replacement process of lithospheric mantle

Mesozoic (125 Ma) Fangcheng basalts fromShandong Province contain clearly zoned olivines that arerare in terrestrial samples and provide first evidence for thereplacement of lithospheric mantle from high-Mg peridotitesto Iow-Mg peridotites through peridotite-melt reaction.Zoned olivines have compositions in the core (Mg# = 87.2--90.7) similar to those olivines from the mantle peridotiticxenoliths entrained in Cenozoic basalts from the NorthChina craton and in the rim (Mg# = 76.8--83.9) close to oli-vine phenocrysts of the host basalts (75.7--79.0). Thesecompositional features as well as rounded crystal shapes andsmaller grain sizes (300—800 μm) demonstrate that thesezoned olivines are mantle xenocrysts, i.e. disaggregates ofmantle peridotites. Their core compositions can representthose of olivines of mantle peridotites. The zoned texture ofolivines was formed through rapid reaction between the oli-vine xenocryst and the host basalt. This olivine-basaltic meltreaction could have been ubiquitous in the Mesozoic litho-spheric mantle beneath the North China craton, i.e. an im-portant type of the replacement of lithospheric mantle. Thereaction resulted in the transformation of the Paleozoic re-fractory (high-Mg) peridotites to the late Mesozoic fertile(Iow-Mg) and radiogenic isotope-enriched peridotites, lead-ing to the loss of old lithospheric mantle.     

房山岩体的岩浆来源、形成机制及动力学意义

房山岩体是华北东部典型的燕山期中酸性侵入杂岩体,其地球化学特征为富Si、Na、Al、Sr,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta),轻重稀土分异强烈,Sr-Nd同位素具有类似EMI型富集地幔的特点,表明其岩浆来自于加厚下地壳的部分熔融,并且中生代华北东部下地壳已经被早先的富集岩石圈地幔置换.不同基性程度岩浆的不完全混合是形成微粒闪长质包体的原因.侵入杂岩的角闪石压力计显示下地壳部分熔融形成的中酸性岩浆先后在19~8 km里的深度范围内结晶就位.古太平洋板块在地幔过渡带深度于早白垩世水平俯冲至太行山一线,洋壳脱水导致上覆地幔部分熔融,后者成为加热下地壳部分熔融的热源.     

下扬子区深部热状态与岩石圈厚度

根据下扬子地区区域构造，地温场和大地热流密度的分布特征，结合岩石热性参数测试结果和该区的地表分层模型，确定了地幔热流密度分布特征和壳幔边界温度以及居里等温面的埋藏深度。根据于玄武岩固相线公式，估算了上地幔介质部分熔融开始的深度。     

月球MariusHills盾形火山密度和岩石圈弹性厚度

MariusHills火山高原位于月球正面风暴洋区域,具有丰富的火山建造遗迹,包括火山穹窿,火山锥和月溪等．该区域保留了月海火山作用的典型特征,为研究月海热演化历史提供了有利的窗口．受以往观测数据类型的限制,大多数研究都是针对该区域的表面形貌和物质成分特性的分析,缺乏对月海火山次表层和内部结构等重要火山特征的研究．本文利用月球正面高分辨率地形和重力数据,结合附加表面和内部载荷的弹性薄壳均衡模型,对该火山区域的平均月壳密度,岩石圈弹性厚度和表面内部载荷比等参数进行定量约束．结果显示该区域月壳密度较高,为3040kg m^-3,具有典型的月海玄武质的密度特征;地下可能存在侵位较浅的岩浆房或岩床状侵入体或是岩浆充填了壳层松散的区域：该区域的岩石圈弹性厚度较小,约为4km,反映该区域在形成过程中富集了大量的热,该结果与通过光谱矿物分析得到的风暴洋区域富集产热元素（如钍）的结果一致．