含氟废水处理研究与应用

本文就近年来国内对含氟废水处理研究及应用概况作了简要综述，可看出含氟废水处理的研究有了较大进展。     

炭黑／结晶性含氟树脂合金在自控温加热电缆中应用

选择了结晶性含氟树脂添加改性剂为树脂基体，与炭黑制居复合导电体系。通过这个对体系不同条件下ＰＴＣ特性的研究，对其配方与加工工艺进行优化。并利用扫描电镜，Ｘ射线衍射，ＤＳＣ等分析测试手段，对体系的各种开矿结构进行了研究，阐明了该导电复合体系的形态结构与性能的关系。     

Ab initio study of the effects of Ag/Mn doping on the electronic structure of LiFePO_4

Based on density functional theory (DFT) of the first-principle for the cathode materials of lithium ion battery, the electronic structures of Li(Fe1-xMex)PO4 (Me = Ag/Mn, x = 0―0.40) are calculated by plane wave pseudo-potential method using Cambridge serial total energy package (CASTEP) program. The calculated results show that the Fermi level of mixed atoms Fe1-xAgx moves into its conduction bands (CBs) due to the Ag doping. The Li(Fe1-xAgx)PO4 system displays the periodic direct semiconductor characteristic with the increase of Ag-doped concentration. However, for Fe1-xMnx mixed atoms, the Fermi level is pined at the bottom of conduction bands (CBs), which is ascribed to the interaction be-tween Mn(3d) electrons and Fe(4s) electrons. The intensity of the partial density of states (PDOS) near the bottom of CBs becomes stronger with the increase of Mn-doped concentration. The Fermi energy of the Li(Fe1-xMnx)PO4 reaches maximum at x = 0.25, which is consistent with the experimental value of x = 0.20. The whole conduction property of Mn-doped LiFePO4 is superior to that of Ag-doped LiFePO4 cathode material, but the structural stability is reverse.     

Theoretical study on the lithium bond interaction of furan homologues C_4H_4Y (Y=O, S) with LiCH_3 via DFT and MP2

The optimizations geometries and interaction energy corrected by BSSE of the complexes between C4H4Y (Y=O, S) and CH3Li have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311 G** and MP2/6-311 G** levels. Three complexes were obtained. Abnormally, the calculations showed that all the C10—Li14 bond lengths increased obviously but the blue-shift of C10—Li14 stretching frequency occurred after formed complexes. The calculated binding energy with basis set super-position error (BSSE) and zero-point vibrational energy corrections of complexes I―III is ?45.757, ?35.700 and ?39.107 kJ·mol?1, respectively. The analyses on the combining interaction with the atom-in-molecules theory (AIM) also showed that a relatively strong lithium bond interaction presented in furan homologues C4H4Y---LiCH3 systems. Natural bond orbital theory (NBO) analysis has been performed, and the results revealed that the com- plex I is formed with n-σ type lithium bond interaction between C4H4O and LiCH3, complex II is formed with π-s type lithium bond interaction between C4H4O and LiCH3, and complex III is formed with π-s and n-s type lithium bond interactions between C4H4S and LiCH3, respectively.     

活塞环表面碳化铌镀覆新工艺试验研究

用化学液相沉积方法，在高强度灰铸铁活塞环表面实现了Ｎｂｃ覆层，盘销磨擦磨损试验表明，无论在无润滑的情况时，Ｎｂｃ镀层表面要比镀Ｃｒ表面或铸铁原始表面具有更高的耐磨性，可以延长活塞环使用寿命，而Ｎｂｃ镀层与铸铁之间低的磨擦系数可使Ｓ１９５柴油机磨擦损失降低０．３５ｋＷ，降低比油耗９－５ｇ／（ｋＷ．ｈ）。     

端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷缩聚固化涂膜的“等当点”特性

实验发现,线型端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷与固化剂发生聚缩反应而固化成膜时,在“等当点”膜表面有最强的疏水性。且对同一种端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷,“等当点”随固化剂官能度而改变。     

涂层对热电偶热电性能及大气中寿命的影响

在难熔金属热电偶表而施加涂层的目的,旨在使原仅限和真空、中性及还原气氛中测量的热电偶能在大气中使用.本文讨论涂层对难熔金属热电偶在氧化气氛的"热电势—温度","热电势—时间"的关系及其寿命的影响.具有涂层的W/M.热电偶在氧化气氛(常压下1500℃取得263小时±1%t的最高记录,而W-Re热电偶存1500℃试验的前70小时偏差也在1%t内.而没有涂层的热电偶仅支持数分钟便破坏.     

一种高分子电阻型湿度传感器的制备及研究

以苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物钠盐(Na-SMA)为湿敏材料,采用浸涂的方法,在小型叉指金电极上成膜,制备了高分子电阻型湿度传感器.研究了浸涂液组成对传感器响应特性的影响.研究表明,随着浸涂液中Na-SMA浓度的提高,元件的电阻、湿滞降低;而随着浸涂液中聚乙烯醇(PVA)浓度的提高,元件的电阻降低,湿滞增加.     

基体的梯度结构对涂层硬质合金性能的影响

通过控制烧结气氛制备了均质和梯度结构的硬质合金基体，并用化学气相沉积制成涂层硬质合金及切削刀片。采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察，通过显微硬度抗弯测试和切削试验对均质基体和梯度基体的涂层硬质合金的组织特征与性能进行对比研究。研究结果表明，梯度结构的硬质合金基体可以提高涂层硬质合金的抗弯强度；相对于均质基体的涂层硬质合金刀片，梯度基体的涂层硬质合金刀片在保持耐磨性能的同时能显著提高抗冲击性能。基体涂层合金的组织结构及断口特征显示，梯度基体表层韧性区可阻碍裂纹的扩展。     

电弧喷涂铝涂层的抗高温空气氧化性能

采用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备铝涂层。用Q235钢、铝涂层和封孔铝涂层3种试样进行400℃和500℃涂层氧化和失效试验，并绘制了氧化动力学曲线。结果表明，在500℃以下，在Q235钢基体上电弧喷涂铝涂层和封孔铝涂层可以提高试样的抗氧化能力，但只是在短期内有效。在相同的温度下，封孔铝涂层试样氧化速度最低，铝涂层试样和Q235钢试样的氧化速度大约分别是它的2倍和3倍。氧化过程中，氧化气体渗透到涂层内部，Al2O3膜不断生成、破碎和剥落，并在涂层颗粒机械结合部位堆积，产生的张应力造成涂层的内聚强度降低，塑性和密封性能变差，防腐作用减弱，这是涂层氧化和失效的主要原因。