Phylogeography of crossbills, bullfinches, grosbeaks, and rosefinches

Mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) from 24 Carduelini species including crossbills, bullfinches, grosbeaks, rosefinches, and other related, but not conclusively classified species, was sequenced. These sequences were also compared with all the available sequences from the genera Carduelis, Serinus, and Passer. Phylogenetic analyses consistently gave the same groups of finches and the calculated divergence times suggest that speciation of the studied species occurred between 14 and 3 million years ago (Miocene-Pliocene), appearing before the Passer, Carduelis, and Serinus genera. Pleistocene glaciations may have been important in sub-speciation. Crossbills are integrated within the genus Carduelis, and within redpolls; the common crossbill shows subspeciation with Loxia japonica in the Pleistocene epoch. Pinicola enucleator groups together with bullfinches and is probably the ancestor of the group. Hawfinch is only distantly related to the studied groups, and might either represent an isolated genus or be related to the New World genus Hesperiphona. The grosbeak genera Eophona and Mycerobas are clearly sister groups, and species belonging to the former might have given rise to Mycerobas species. The isolated (in classification) Uragus sibiricus and Haematospiza sipahi are included within the genus Carpodacus (rosefinches); Carpodacus nipalensis is outside the genus Carpodacus in the molecular analyses and might be an isolated species or related to the genus Montifringilla.     

共混涤纶仿麻织物的研究

着重研究处理对共混涤纶仿麻织物形态结构和性能的影响，并与涤纶仿麻织物进行比较。结果表明，在相同碱处理条件下，共混涤纶仿麻织物的吸湿性、导湿性、透湿性和透气性均比海纶仿麻织物好，关键在于纤维中微量、尺寸和分布。     

高吸水仿麻织物的纱线设计

从麻织物风格及其吸水性能的要求出发，探讨利用涤纶中空纤维设计纱线号数、混纺比，捻度的方法、提出当设计纱号为32s、混纺比80／20，设计捻度100．763捻/10cm时纺制的纱线可较好地体现中空涤纶纤维吸水性能好的特点。